Pedigreed  Apple  Trees 
I  have  found  by  many  experiments, 
there  is  “no  such  animal.”  In  1899  the 
Indiana  Horticulture  Society  located  an 
experimental  orchard  for  improving  the 
apple.  I  was  placed  in  charge  for  16 
years.  It  is  now  in  charge  of  Purdue 
University.  There  were  three  ways  in 
which  we  expected  to  carry  on  this  work. 
First  and  most  important  was  by  bud 
selection,  because  every  selection  would 
give  us  an  improved  apple.  We  could 
carry  this  on  till  we  could  get  anything 
we  wished.  So  enthused  was  I  with  this 
that  many  time  in  my  dreams  I  saw  big 
red  apples  as  big  as  pumpkins  hanging 
on  the  trees. 
My  first  work  was  to  determine 
whether  apples  did  undergo  a  permanent 
change.  There  was  a  widespread  belief 
that  trees  propagated  from  nursery  stock 
would  not  bear  well.  I  obtained  scions 
from  a  nursery  where  the  trees  had  been 
thus  propagated  for  40  years.  I  grafted 
them  on  to  young  trees  with  scions  from 
bearing  trees.  I  found  no  difference  in 
the  bearing  of  these  scions.  Next  I 
grafted  water  sprouts  and  bearing  twigs 
on  to  the  same  tree  ;  no  difference  in  the 
bearing.  I  put  grafts  from  a  Grimes 
that  did  not  miss  a  full  crop  for  20  years 
with  grafts  from  another  Grimes  that 
did  not  bear  a  full  crop  till  19  years  old, 
on  to  the  same  tree.  All  bore  alike. 
That  shy  bearer  afterwards  bore  70  to 
80  bushels  right  along. 
Some  varieties  are  very  variable  on 
different  trees.  In  my  father’s  fruit  or¬ 
chard  there  were  four  Rambo  trees  and 
four  types  of  apples.  In  his  later  or¬ 
chard  were  very  fine  Rambo.  In  my 
orchard  were  very  sorry  Rambo.  Grafts 
from  these  two  trees  produced  apples 
just  alike  when  on  the  same  tree.  I 
grafted  scions  from  a  Ben  Davis  tree 
bearing  unusually  large,  deep  red  apples 
on  to  a  tree  bearing  small,  streaked,  light 
colored  fruit.  When  these  grafts 
bore,  the  apples  were  small  and  streaked. 
I  grafted  scions  from  a  Ralls  Jenet  bear¬ 
ing  small  green  apples  with  scions  from 
another  Jenet  bearing  large  red  apples 
on  to  the  same  tree.  When  it  bore  all 
were  alike.  At  the  World’s  Fair  in 
Paris  I  was  awarded  the  highest  pre¬ 
mium  on  Winesap.  Dr.  L.  H.  Bailey 
wrote  me  asking  if  the  tree  that  pro¬ 
duced  these  apples  bore  such  fine  apples 
every  year.  I  had  to  tell  him  the  apples 
on  that  tree  the  next  year  were  rather 
small.  It  does  seem  that  the  chances  to 
get  my  apples  to  size  of  pumpkins  by 
this  method  is  discouraging.  I  find  that 
on  different  stocks  some  varieties  un¬ 
dergo  great  variations.  Our  new  apple, 
Dr.  Matthews,  on  Jenet  bodies  grows  one- 
eighth  to  one-half  larger  than  on  the 
tree  from  which  the  grafts  were  taken. 
As  grafted  in  the  nurseries,  the  apples 
on  some  trees  are  as  large  as  Wolf  River, 
on  other  trees  the  size  of  Benoni.  Turley, 
a  Winesap  seedling,  grows  half  as  large 
again  on  Jenet  as  on  stock  of  its  own 
roots.  JOE  A.  BURTON. 
Productivity  of  Raspberry  Varieties 
1.  Do  you  think  that  the  Syracuse  red 
raspberry  is  the  “largest  and  best  of  all”? 
2.  Do  you  think  the  everbearing  rasp¬ 
berry  is  a  better  yielder  than  the  Colum¬ 
bian  and  Cuthbert?  3.  Where  is  the  New 
York  State  Experiment  Station  located? 
Pine  Hill,  N.  Y.  c.  f.  b. 
1.  So  far  as  we  have  known  the  Syra¬ 
cuse  red  raspberry  we  cannot  say  that  we 
should  call  it  the  “largest  and  best  of  all.” 
It  is  a  raspberry  of  European  type,  much 
like  Superlative  in  both  plant  and  fruit 
characters.  Like  most  other  varieties  of 
this  type,  Syracuse  is  not  overly  hardy  in 
the  East,  although  it  is  somewhat  hardier 
than  other  Europeans.  It  is  a  good  berry 
for  the  home  orchard,  but  lacks  the  vigor 
and  productiveness  necessary  to  a  suc¬ 
cessful  commercial  variety.  2.  In  some 
sections  the  everbearing  raspberries  are 
wonderfully  successful,  but  in  general 
they  cannot  be  said  to  compare  favorably 
with  either  Cuthbert  or  Columbian  in  re¬ 
gard  to  yield.  3.  The  New  York  State 
Agricultural  Experiment  Station  is  locat¬ 
ed  at  Geneva,  N.  Y.  The  New  York 
State  College  of  Agriculture  is  located  at 
Ithaca,  N.  Y.  h.  b.  t. 
“Did  you  have  a  good  time  at  your 
Summer  cottage  this  season?”  “No,  but 
dozens  of  our  friends  did.” — Detroit  Free 
Press. 
The  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 
1287 
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Division  of  Qeneral  Motors  Corporation 
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O&kl&nd 
