Ihe  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 
8  toUhom 
engine 
Says  J.  B.  Snider,  Senatobia,  Miss.  .  .  . 
“Eightyearsago  we  installed  a  “Z”  engine. 
It  has  run  eight  to  twelve  hours  a  day, 
every  day  of  the  year  since  and  is  still 
giving  wonderful  service.  Our  repair  bill 
has  been  less  than  ten  dollars.  We  would 
not  exchange  it  for  any  other  engine  we 
have  ever  seen  or  heard  of.” 
Over  350,000  users  have  approved  the  "Z” 
Engine.  No  matter  what  your  power  requirements, 
there  is  a  “Z”  Engine  to  exactly  suit  your  needs. 
Over  5,000  dealers  carry  these  engines  in  stock 
and  will  save  you  money  on  freight. 
IK  H.  P.  “Z”  (Battery  Equipt)  $  54.00 
1  H.  P.  “X”  (Magneto  Equipt)  74.00 
3  H.  P.“Z”  (Battery  Equipt)  90.00 
3  H.  P.  “Z”  (Magneto  Equipt)  110.00 
6  H.  P.  “Z”  (Magneto  Equipt)  170.00 
f.  o.  b.  factory 
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Type  600  Ignition  System  for 
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YouV  Car  &  Porta-Power 
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B.  H.  GRAY,  Saranac  Lake,  N.  Y. 
Heating  Greenhouse 
Would  hot-water  heat  be  of  any  use  in 
a  small  greenhouse,  or  must  I  use  steam 
heat  instead?  I  have  a  hot-water  sys¬ 
tem  in  the  house,  with  more  heat  than  is 
absolutely  necessary,  and  thought  per¬ 
haps  it  could  be  used  in  the  greenhouse. 
Southington,  Conn.  J.  J.  c. 
There  is  no  better  method  for  heating 
a  greenhouse  than  hot  water.  With  a 
boiler  installed  too  large  for  heating 
your  residence,  an  ideal  arrangement 
would  be  to  use  part  of  the  surplus  for 
the  greenhouse.  It  would  not  be  wise  to 
connect  too  much  pipe  to  a  boiler  of  in¬ 
sufficient  size.  It  will  require  very  close 
attention  if  not  large  enough  for  the 
amount  of  radiation,  and  in  exceedingly 
cold  weather  may  not  be  large  enough  to 
keep  the  greenhouse  temperature  above 
the  freezing  point. 
The  pipes  installed  in  the  greenhouse 
should  be  carried  around  the  outer  walls 
of  the  building,  giving  a  flow  up  hill  to 
the  point  farthest  removed  from  the  heat¬ 
er,  and  gradually  down  hill  toward  the 
heater.  For  the  returns  an  air-cock  must 
be  placed  at  the  highest  point  in  the  sys¬ 
tem  to  remove  the  surplus  air.  The  ex¬ 
pansion  tank  that  is  already  connected  to 
the  heating  system  in  the  house  will 
answer  in  the  greenhouse  if  it  is  of  ample 
size.  It  should  be  large  enough  to  con¬ 
tain  at  least  one-twentieth  in  volume  of 
all  the  water  required  to  fiill  the  system. 
An  illustration  :  If  a  greenhouse  were 
built  as  a  lean-to,  the  greenhouse  being 
20  by  20  ft.,  with  glass  ends,  and  several 
feet  of  glass  on  the  sides  under  the  eaves, 
about  200  sq.  ft.  of  radiation  will  be 
necessary  to  maintain  about  50  degrees 
with  the  temperature  at  zero  outside. 
That  would  require  about  400  lin.  ft.  of 
l^-in.  pipe,  or  470  ft.  of  1%-in.  pipe,  or 
about  330  ft.  of  2-in.  pipe.  This  includes 
flow  and  returns.  E.  J.  weaver. 
Commercial  Geranium  Culture 
I  have  a  small  greenhouse  and  some 
sash.  I  sell  vegetable  plants  in  the 
Spring.  I  have  a  local  demand  for  ger¬ 
aniums.  Will  you  tell  me  how  to  pro¬ 
ceed  to  get  a  nice  geranium  plant  for 
Decoration  Day,  and  for  bedding  out 
also?  A  plant  in  4-in.  pots  and  in  full 
bloom  is  what  I  want  for  next  Spring’s 
sales.  R.  w.  B. 
Geraniums  are  very  easily  grown  as 
pot  plants  for  Spring  sales.  There  are 
two  methods  for  procuring  the  cuttings. 
One  method  is  to  set  a  small  plant  in  the 
field  early  in  the  Spring,  cultivate 
through  the  Summer,  and  just  before  the 
first  frost  in  the  Autumn  remove  all  cut¬ 
tings  from  the  plants  and  place  them  in 
sand  in  a  cool  greenhouse.  The  cuttings 
root  very  rapidly  at  this  time  of  the  year. 
After  being  well  rooted  they  should  be 
potted  in  2^-in.  pots.  A  temperature  of 
40  or  45  degrees  will  be  sufficient  to  make 
a  healthy  growth.  When  the  pots  are 
well  filled  with  roots,  repot  into  4-in.  pots 
from  which  they  can  be  sold  about  Me¬ 
morial  Day. 
If  it  is  necessary  to  purchase  the  cut¬ 
tings  in  the  Winter,  try  to  obtain  them 
early  in  January  if  possible,  and  pot 
into  3-in.  pots  and  later  repot  to  4-in. 
Provided  the  soil  is  rich  and  the  plants 
are  given  the  proper  amount  of  water, 
but  not  over-watered,  temperature  car¬ 
ried  about  45  to  50  degrees  at  night,  and 
10  to  15  degrees  higher  during  the  day, 
you  should  have  very  good  stock  to  sell 
Memorial  Day.  Do  not  try  to  grow  too 
many  plants  on  a  limited  area,  as  every 
pot  must  have  a  pretty  good  amount  of 
space  in  order  to  develop  properly. 
E.  J.  w. 
Storing  Green  Tomatoes 
Tomatoes  can  be  stored.  They  must 
be  picked  either  when  green  or  turning, 
and  placed  in  cold  storage.  Here  it  is 
necessary  to  regulate  both  the  tempera¬ 
ture  and  the  moisture.  It  must  be  cool 
enough  so  that  rot  does  not  occur,  and 
must  be  moist  enough  so  that  the  toma¬ 
toes  will  not  dry  up.  They  can  be  kept 
six  weeks,  and  then  after  they  are  brought 
out  into  the  warmer  temperature  they 
will  ripen.  As  I  understand  it,  they  will 
deteriorate  rather  fast  after  bringing  out 
of  storage,  so  they  must  be  used  almost  at 
once.  Some  people  store  tomatoes  for  a 
short  time  by  placing  sti  iw  either  in  a 
greenhouse  or  in  frames,  and  putting  the 
green  tomatoes  on  this.  Other  straw  can 
be  added  and  other  layers  of  tomatoes. 
The  tomatoes  will  ripen  gradually.  There 
is  usually  some  loss  from  rot.  T.  H.  T. 
1289 
$85,265  a  day  for  taxes 
Railroads,  of  course,  should  pay  a  proper  amount  of 
taxes,  but  it  must  be  remembered  that  whatever  they 
pay  must  be  passed  on  to  the  public  through  rates. — 
Congressional  Joint  Commission  on  Agriculture. 
New  York  Central  Lines  paid  taxes  last  year  averag¬ 
ing  $85,265  a  day,  an  increase  of  221%  as  compared 
with  1910.  For  the  year  the  tax  bill  was  $31,121,832, 
an  amount  considerably  greater  than  the  total  divi¬ 
dends  paid  to  the  stockholders. 
For  the  railroads  of  the  entire  country  the  increase 
in  taxes  as  compared  with  dividends  since  1913  has 
been  as  follows: 
1913  1922 
Taxes  $127,725,809  $301,003,227 
Dividends  $322,300,406  $271,576,000 
Taxes  are  a  part  of  the  cost  of  railroad  operation, 
which  must  be  provided  for  in  freight  and  passenger 
rates,  just  as  are  expenditures  for  wages,  coal  and 
materials.  New  York  Central  Lines  pay  more  than 
one-tenth  of  the  railroad  taxes  of  the  country. 
NEW  YORK  CENTRAL  LINES 
BOSTON  &  ALBANY- MICHIGAN  CENTRAL -BIG  FOUR  -  PITTSBURGH  &LAKE  ERIE, 
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DWIGHT  ILLINOIS. 
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The  protector  of  American  Farm  Prop¬ 
erty  for  over  25  years.  The  standard  of  qual¬ 
ity  wherever  the  best  is  none  too  good.  Five 
million  farms  are  now  fenced  with  American 
Fenc'e.  The  annual  value  of  the  stock  and 
crops  it  safeguards  represents  many  billions 
of  dollars. 
Farmers  have  found  that  full  gauge  steel 
— full  length  rolls  and  long  life  galvanizing 
mean  true  economy  in  fencing. 
Ask  your  dealer  for  American  Fence. 
The  only  original  and  genuine. 
. 
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