1312 
The  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 
October  20,  1923 
PRICES  OF  ALL 
(404)  COMMODITIES 
/ 
1914  1915  1915  1917 
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PRICES  OF 
GOODYEAR  TIRES  JBZ3 
Better  Tires  at  Better  Prices 
A  glance  at  the  above  simple  chart  tells  you  how 
extremely  fair  present  Goodyear  Tire  prices  are. 
Below  1920  prices  by  37%;  below  1914  prices  — 
the  first  European  war  year— by  fully  30%. 
And  these  attractive  prices  are  accompanied  by 
a  higher  quality  in  Goodyear  Tires  today  than 
ever  before. 
Goodyear  Tires  are  made  of  top -grade,  long- 
staple,  high -tensile -strength  cotton.  They  have 
the  powerfully  tractive  and  longer-wearing  All- 
Weather  Tread. 
For  years,  as  the  chart  shows,  Goodyear  Tires 
have  represented  extreme  value.  Today  that 
value  offers  you  the  best  tire  bargain  to  be  had. 
Now  is  a  good  time  to  buy  Goodyear  Tires. 
Made  in  all  sizes  for 
Passenger  Cars  and  Trucks 
Celebrated  Maurice  River 
Cove  Fresh 
OYSTERS 
Buy  direct,  via  Parcel  Post, 
delivered  to  consumer  in 
hermetically  sealed  cans, 
strictly  dry  measure. 
1st  &  2nd  Srd 
zone  zone 
1  Gallen  Cans .  6*76  *2.85 
\  Gallon  Cana .  1.60  1.65 
H  Gallon  Cans  .  .86  .88 
Satisfaction  guaranteed  or  money  refunded. 
Remit  by  check  or  money  order. 
SANITARY  FRESH  OYSTER  CO. 
Port  Norris,  Cumberland  Co.,  N.  J. 
4th 
tone 
68.00 
1.75 
.98 
F 
U 
R 
S 
WE  ARE  AGAIN  READY  WITH  OUR  CASH 
to  pay  highest  market  prices  for 
all  raw  furs.  We  charge  no  com¬ 
mission  and  pay  all  transporta¬ 
tion  charges.  Our  assortment  is 
known  as  the  most  just  and  liberal. 
Send  for  free  price  list. 
L.  RABINOWITZ 
121  W.  29th  St.,  New  York 
We  pay  highest  prices,  grade  your 
furs  honestly  and  make  prompt 
returns.  We  will  hold  your  ship¬ 
ment  separate  upon  request.  We 
have  thousands  of  satisfied  shipper# 
all  over  the  country. 
Just  send  your  name  and 
address  and  we  we  will  send 
our  free  price  list,  which 
contains  valuable  informa¬ 
tion  and  hints  to  trappers. 
W rite  today —a  postal  will  do. 
fASEDELHAN  6C0.INC 
|  Dept.  31  333  7th  Ave.,  New  York,  N.  Y.  G 
Thousands  of  New  Subscribers 
have  become  interested  in  Hope  Farm  and  its  people.  They  may  not 
know  that  these  notes  have  been  printed  for  20  years  and  more. 
Some  25  of  the  best  of  these  old-time  sketches  have  been  published 
in  book  form.  This  book  is  called 
HOPE  FARM  NOTES 
Every  reader  of  the  Rural  New-Yorker  should  own  a  copy.  Among 
other  remarkable  tributes  is  the  following: 
Mr.  M  and  I  have  just  finished  Hope  Farm  Notes, 
and  l  wish  you  would  express  to  Mr.  Collingwood  the 
pleasure  that  it  gave  us.  We  both  liked  it  very  much, 
and  rarely  do  we  both  like  the  same  book! 
Ohio.  M.  H.  M. 
It  is  rare  that  any  single  book  will  appeal  to  all  members  of  the 
family  This  one  will  because  it  is  filled  with  kindly  feeling  and 
human  nature.  It  should  be  in  every  country  home. 
RURAL  NEW-YORKER.  333  West  30th  St.,  New  York 
Gentlemen — Enclosed  find  remittance  for  $1.50,  for  which  send 
me,  postpaid,  a  copy  of  “Hope  Farm  Notes.” 
Name . 
Town . . 
State . R.  F.  D.  or  Street  No . 
Crops  and  Farm  Notes 
Countrywide  Produce  Situation 
TWO  WAYS  OF  SELLING  FRUIT  ;  CO-OPERA¬ 
TION  STRONG  IN  WEST  ;  MISTAKES  AND 
SUCCESSES  ;  SOME  FEATURES  OF  THE 
PRODUCE  MARKET. 
The  farther  away  from  market,  the 
better  does  co-operation  flourish.  About 
one-fifth  of  the  sales  of  Northwestern 
box  apples  are  made  by  growers’  associa¬ 
tions.  Some  of  these  do  millions  of  dol¬ 
lars  of  business  yearly.  They  take  care 
of  grading,  packing  and  selling.  Some 
even  pick  the  apples.  They  cut  out  the 
old  line  of  speculators  and  a  number  of 
the  middlemen  at  the  shipping  end.  but 
they  still  make  use  of  city  brokers  and 
auction  firms.  The  associations  also  levy 
a  sizable  commission  fee  of  their  own. 
ASSOCIATIONS  GOOD  SELLERS 
Their  main  advantage  is  not  in  cut¬ 
ting  expenses,  but  in  salesmanship.  The 
large  associations  have  a  brand  name  for 
the  apples  they  put  up  and  they  stand 
back  of  the  brand,  as  to  its  reliability 
and  uniformity.  One  association  has 
spent  three  quarters  of  a  million  dollars 
for  advertising  during  the  last  few  years. 
It  controls  the  ouput  of  a  thousand  or¬ 
chards  and  puts  up  millions  of  boxes  of 
apples,  all  as  correctly  graded  as  so  many 
bushels  of  market  wheat. 
Plainly  such  a  concern  has  an  advant¬ 
age  over  small,  unknown  growers.  Buy¬ 
ers  will  take  well-known  brands  without 
hesitation  or  delay  at  these  auction  sales, 
because  they  know  from  experience  they 
will  get  what  they  expect  and  pay  for. 
The  grower,  too.  lets  his  apples  go.  in 
confidence  that  they  are  in  charge  of  his 
own  men  and  with  records  of  all  trans¬ 
actions  in  plain  sight  from  start  to 
finish. 
DEALERS  PAY  CASH 
Yet  many  of  the  apple  buying  firms 
have  been  able  to  hold  their  own.  as  it 
appears  from  the  large  share  of  the  crop 
they  handle.  Because  of  their  experience 
and  general  efficiency  they  do  business  at 
low  cost,  and  they  offer  the  growers 
ready  cash,  which  may  look  better  than 
the  delay  and  uncertainties  of  co-opera¬ 
tive  sales.  Competition  of  this  kind  is 
a  good  thing  for  the  Winter  apple  mar¬ 
ket.  Some  buyers  get  enthusiastic  and 
pay  so  much  for  apples  that  they  lose 
money  if  the  city  markets  go  down,  but 
that  is  part  of  the  game.  The  North¬ 
western  fruit  grower  has  his  choice  ,  of 
sure  cash  or  taking  a  chance  of  getting 
a  higher  or  lower  price  through  the  aver¬ 
aging  of  co-operative  sales. 
ORANGES  HELD  TIGHT 
In  the  orange  region  of  California  the 
lines  are  drawn  very  tight.  The  asso¬ 
ciated  growers  are  practically  the  whole 
thing,  their  operations  limited  only  by 
the  competition  of  Florida.  Their  con¬ 
trol  of  local  markets  is  so  complete  and 
their  prices  so  closely  adjusted  that  it  is 
said  to  be  impossible  to  buy  a  dozen 
oranges  any  cheaper  in  the  orange  coun¬ 
try  than  in  Minneapolis  or  Chicago. 
Every  grower’s  crop  is  tied  up  so  tightly 
by  contract  that  he  cannot  sell  an  orange 
direct,  but  must  deliver  them  all  to  the 
association,  under  heavy  penalty.  The 
only  cheap  oranges  are  the  culls  and 
over-ripes  at  the  packing  houses.  This 
condition  of  affairs  would  seem  harsh  to 
the  independent  nature  of  the  eastern 
farmer,  but  it  is  one  reason  why  plain 
land  sells  at  $2,000  per  acre  in  some 
parts  of  California. 
HELPING  THE  SALES 
There  is  nothing  just  like  it  in  the 
East,  although  the  cranberry  association 
comes  fairly  close,  with  control  and  skill¬ 
ful  marketing  of  a  specialty  crop.  Most 
associations  handle  only  a  small  part  of 
any  crop  and  concern  themselves  mostly 
with  better  handling  and  crop  selling. 
The  peanut  association,  it  is  true,  made 
an  attempt  to  control  and  hold  the  crop 
but  met  with  disaster.  They  sued  the 
dealers  for  conspiring  against  them  and 
settled  the  suit  it  is  reported,  for  about 
enough  to  pay  the  lawyers.  The  South¬ 
ern  cotton  and  tobacco  associations 
merely  try  to  cut  out  local  speculators 
and  help  the  growers,  most  of  whom  are 
not  good  salesmen.  They  seem  to  be 
doing  good  work  in  this  direction.  It  is 
all  wrong  when  a  local  speculator  is  aK 
lowed  to  gather  all  the  real  profit  just 
because  he  has  cash  in  hand. 
Co-operative  selling  of  potatoes, 
onions,  apples  and  other  products  has 
made  great  progress  the  past  year  or 
two.  One  man  is  said  to  have  organized 
over  60  large  associations,  but  it  is  too 
soon  to  say  whether  they  will  last.  The 
test  of  co-operation  is  a  season  or  two 
of  hard  luck. 
MARKET  FAIRLY  STEADY 
Fruits  and  vegetables  are  holding 
fairly  steady  in  price,  nearly  all  of  them 
higher  than  last  year.  Potatoes  are  the 
weakest  feature :  the  crop  may  be  short, 
but  plenty  of  potatoes  are  coming  to  mar¬ 
ket.  Shippers  are  getting  from  75c  to 
$1  50  per  100  lbs.  City  prices  early  in 
October  ranged  from  about  $1  in  the 
West  to  about  $2  in  Eastern  markets. 
This  year,  as  last  year,  the  bulk  of  the 
crop  is  in  the  North  Central  States,  al¬ 
though  the  East,  especially  Maine,  has 
plenty  of  potatoes.  Apple  growers  seem 
to  be  getting  about  $1  per  bushel  and  a 
little  more  by  the  barrel.  Onions  bring 
about  $3  per  100  lbs.  in  the  country  and 
most  onion  growers  are  doing  well  this 
season.  Cabbage  around  $20  per  ton 
is  not  so  good.  The  crop  is  a  little  too 
large  for  profit_but  the  outlook  is  fair. 
Peaches  at  $1.50  and  $1.75  per  bushel 
sell  at  about  last  season’s  price.  Pears 
have  been  high.  There  were  too  many 
grapes,  especially  in  California.  Eastern 
grapes  brought  $50  to  $60  per  ton  in 
baskets  at  shipping  points.  G.  b.  f. 
Transplanting  and  Propagating  Roses 
1.  I  wish  to  transplant  some  rose 
bushes  which  have  been  planted  in  their 
present  spot  for  some  years.  What  is 
the  best  time  of  the  year  to  do  this,  and 
how  should  the  earth  be  prepared?  2. 
Advise  me  how  to  slip  rambler  roses? 
What  time  of  the  year  is  the  best  to  do 
it?  K.  R.  G. 
1.  Roses  will  do  well  in  any  ordinary 
garden  soil  that  is  well  drained  and  free 
from  standing  water.  It  must  be  well 
worked,  with  an  abundance  of  old  ma¬ 
nure  spaded  in.  Most  rose-growers  think 
cow  manure  especially  desirable.  If  the 
selected  spot  is  poorly  drained,  it  is  de¬ 
sirable  to  dig  the  soil  out  for  the  depth 
of  a  few  feet,  and  put  in  a  layer  of 
bricks,  stones  or  other  debris  that  will 
make  a  blind  drain.  If  the  soil  is  a 
tough  clay  it  should  be  made  more  fri¬ 
able  by  lime  and  ashes;  if  sandy,  leaf 
mold  is  desirable.  A  rose  bed  is  a  de¬ 
sirable  pTftee  to  bury  old  bones  for  though 
very  slowly  available  rose  roots  are  gen¬ 
erally  credited  with  making  good  use  of 
them.  Late  Fall,  before  the  ground 
freezes,  would  be  a  desirable  time  to 
move  the  plants  in  question.  After  set¬ 
tled  cold  weather  cover  the  surface  with 
a  mulch.  Roses  may  also  be  planted  in 
the  Spring,  but  they  start  into  growth 
early,  often  while  the  ground  is  still  too 
pasty  to  work  well,  and  in  your  locality 
the  roots  will  take  hold  better  if  planted 
in  Fall. 
2.  Rambler  roses  are  very  easily  pro¬ 
pagated  by  cuttings  of  ripe  wood  taken 
in  July  and  August,  and  set  in  the  open 
ground.  Ripe  shoots  which  have  bloomed 
are  desirable.  The  cuttings  should  he 
well  mulched  during  Winter.  They  also 
root  readily  from  layers  in  the  Spring. 
A  shoot  is  bent  down,  and  a  little  heel 
out  in  the  bark,  a  few  inches  back  from 
the  tip.  The  shoot  is  pegged  down  at 
this  point,  and  a  little  soil  put  over  it. 
By  the  following  Spring  a  good  bunch 
of  roots  will  be  formed,  when  the  tip, 
with  its  roots,  is  severed  from  the  parent, 
and  set  as  an  individual  plant.  Where  a 
strong-growing  climbing  rose  forms 
shoots  that  trail  on  the  ground  one  often 
finds  natural  layers,  well-rooted,  which 
may  be  cut  and  set  elsewhere. 
Protection  for  Potted  Bulbs 
Will  you  inform  me  with  regard  to 
covering  Fall-planted  bulbs  in  small  pots 
in  large  quantity  I  am  advised  to  cover 
5  in.  above  pots  with  soil,  then  hay.  An¬ 
other  told  me  he  lost  many  bulbs  by 
covering  heavily,  as  the  bulbs  rotted ;  the 
latter  were  old  bulbs  and  part  of  cov¬ 
ering  was  manure.  c.  E.  b. 
We  are  not  told  whether  the  bulbs  are 
to  he  stored  in  a  frame,  pit,  or  cellar 
during  the  rooting  period.  Five  inches 
of  soil  is  more  than  ordinarily  used.  The 
pots  may  be  covered  with  4  in.  of  sand, 
ashes,  tanbark.  rotted  leaves  or  buck¬ 
wheat  hulls,  and  then  left  in  an  open 
pit  or  frame,  with  the  glass  off,  until 
freezing  weather.  Even  after  freezing, 
the  glass  should  be  removed  on  pleasant 
days.  If  no  frame  is  available,  the 
bulbs  may  be  stored  in  a  cold  cellar.  Our 
own  custom,  with  bulbs  to  be  flowered 
indoors,  is  to  keep  them  in  a  dark  cor¬ 
ner  of  a  tool  shed,  covered  with  4  in.  of 
litter,  fiiltil  hard  freezing,  when  they  are 
brought  into  a  cool  cellar.  The  follow¬ 
ing  plan  is  often  used  with  entire  suc¬ 
cess  :  A  trench  1  ft.  deep  is  dug  in  the 
garden,  in  a  place  where  there  is  protec¬ 
tion  from  the  north  and  west  winds,  and 
where  moisture  will  drain  away.  Three 
inches  of  coal  ashes  are  put  in  the  bottom 
of  the  trench  to  give  drainage,  and  also 
to  keep  worms  out  of  the  pots.  The 
pots  are  placed  on  the  ashes,  and  the 
trench  filled  in.  rounding  over  the  tops 
of  the  pots.  When  the  weather  gets  cold 
enough  to  freeze  the  surface  of  .the 
soil,  an  additional  covering  of  about  4 
in.  of  rough  stable  manure,  leaves  or 
straw,  is  put  over.  This  covering  is  put 
over  to  prevent  the  pots  from  freezing, 
which  would  not  injure  the  bulbs,  but 
would  make  it  difficult  to  get  the  pots 
out.  These  conditions  are  very  favorable 
to  the  formation  of  a  good  root  system. 
Some  early  bulbs  will  be  ready  to  take 
out  in  about  six  weeks,  hut  as  a  general 
rule  the  pots  should  be  left  eight  weeks 
before  being  brought  in.  It  is  quite 
likely  that  the  bulbs  you  refer  to  suffered 
from  being  too  heavily  covered  before 
freezing  weather.  If,  however,  these 
“old  bulbs”  were  some  which  had  been 
forced  the  previous  season  we  should  not 
expect  them  to  come  through  a  second 
forcing.  They  are  only  fit  to  plant  in 
odd  corners  out  of  doors,  where  they 
gradually  regain  strength  for  further 
blooming. 
