Iht  RURAL  NE\V-\^k..ER 
1319 
pork  (clear),  two  dessertspoons  salt,  one 
dessertspoon  saltpeter  (powdered),  one 
dessertspoon  pepper,  one  dessertspoon 
cloves,  one  dessertspoon  nutmeg.  The 
original  recipe  added  one  small  glass  of 
rum.  The  entire  mass  is  ground  with 
the  finest  cutter  to  a  thick,  smooth,  pasty 
consistency,  filled  into  2-in.  sausage  skins, 
pricking  all  the  bubbles  with  a  fork,  and 
allowed  to  stand  12  hours  in  cold  water. 
The  next  day  press  it  more  firmly  into 
the  skins,  tie,  and  dry.  Smoke  S  to  10 
days.  This  recipe  is  taken  from  a  Ger¬ 
man  cook  book,  “Das  Haus-Wesen,”  that 
I  secured  when  doing  my  post-graduate 
study  in  Germany.”  c.  a.  m. 
Elementary  Astronomy  as  Winter 
Recreation 
In  an  earlier  article  I  spoke  of  the  pos¬ 
sibility  of  learning  the  constellations  with¬ 
out  other  help  than  that  of  star  maps. 
After  two  friends  and  I  had  done  this 
separately,  we,  with  a  few  others,  formed 
a  class,  which  met  at  our  respective  homes 
during  two  Winters.  In  beginning  we 
inserted  a  notice  in  a  local  paper,  read¬ 
ing  :  “A  few  women  are  meeting  Mon¬ 
day  afternoons  to  study  astronomy.  All 
who  are  interested  are  invited  to  join 
them.”  This  drew  forth  humorous  com- 
on  the  fixed  stars,  and  were  astonished 
to  learn  that  they  look  no  larger  in  any 
telescope,  but  merely  more  intensely 
bright.  They  are  too  far  away  for  their 
disk  to  be  appreciably  magnified,  though 
really  much  greater  than  our  sun. 
On  the  second  Winter  we  used  new, 
uniform  text  books,  and,  having  with  us 
a  few  new  members,  we  reviewed  the 
ground  gone  over,  and  went  somewhat 
more  deeply  into  study  of  the  eclipse, 
colures,  etc.  At  each  meeting  articles  on 
astronomical  subjects  which  we  had 
found  in  our  reading,  were  brought  in  and 
read,  and  we  spent  one  afternoon  reading 
brief  sketches  of  the  lives  of  famous  as¬ 
tronomers,  and  a  more  extended  account 
of  the  remarkable  lives  and  achievements 
of  William  and  Caroline  Ilerschel.  By 
Spring  we  had  reached  navigation  in  our 
text  books,  but  did  not  proceed  farther 
for,  as  housekeepers,  we  found  it  more 
i  eeessary  to  clean  house  than  to  navigate. 
Since  then  our  course  has  been  continued 
billy  by  occasional  reading  of  articles 
when  we  meet  for  other  study. 
Lest  any  say,  “This  might  be  profitable 
for  young  'women,  but  I  am  too  old,”  1 
will  state  that  with  one  exception  we 
were  all  women  in  middle  life  or  beyond  ; 
one  of  our  most  enthusiastic  members  was 
well  along  in  her  seventies.  We  proved 
the  truth  of  the  wise  saying  that  study, 
which  is  the  bane  of  boyhood,  is  the  in- 
11022.  Applique  motifs  and  borders  of  rabbits  and  chickens. 
Pattern  contains  24  rabbits  and  18  chickens  1%  inches  high,  12 
medium-size  chickens  2%  inches  high,  and  6  large  chicken’s  4 
inches  high;  rights  and  lefts  in  all  designs.  20  cents. 
T«9 1  * 
ment  from  city  papers,  one  of  which  al¬ 
luded  to  the  Gopher  Prairie  Club,  in  the 
novel  “Main  Street,”  implying  that  we 
wei-e  taking  up  a  pi’ofound  subject  in  an 
absurdly  casual  manner.  We  joined  in 
the  laughter,  feeling  that  we  could  af¬ 
ford  to,  for  we  were  deriving  keen  pleas¬ 
ure  and  considerable  profit  from  our  ef¬ 
forts. 
Our  text  books  were  not  uniform,  but 
this  was  not  wholly  a  disadvantage.  As 
alleged  “teacher,”  I  had  to  study  in  ad¬ 
vance  of  the  class,  and  to  make  out  a 
list  of  questi  ns  for  the  others  to  copy 
as  the  next  lesson  ;  but  the  awkwardness 
of  using  different  books  was  largely  offset 
by  the  w'ealtli  of  material  they  provided, 
tine,  entitled  “Recreation  in  Astronomy,” 
was  still  valuable  and  delightfully  inter¬ 
esting.  After  we  had  given  study  to  the 
sun,  the  moon,  the  cause  of  seasons,  comets 
and  meteors,  we  made  (partly  indoors) 
a  representation  of  the  solar  system,  fol¬ 
lowing  directions,  which  1  quote  : 
“Put  in  nosition  a  globe  2  ft.  in  diam¬ 
eter — a  half-barrel  or  a  2-bu.  basket  will 
do;  lVi  ft.  from  its  center  mount  on  a 
stick,  so  as  to  reach  the  equator,  a  mus¬ 
tard-seed  for  the  planet  Mercury  ;  at  8  ft. 
a  pea  for  Venus;  at  4  ft.  a  pea  for  earth 
(do  not  place  all  planets  on  the  same  side 
of  the  sun)  ;  at  6  ft.  a  large  pinhead  for 
Mars;  at  11  ft.  200  specks  of  pepper  on 
a  sheet  of  paper,  for  the  asteroids  or 
planetoids;  at  20  ft.  a  small  orange  for 
Jupiter;  at  37  ft.  a  smaller  orange  for 
Saturn  ;  at  75  ft.  a  small  plum  for 
Uranus,  and  at  118  ft.  a  cherry  for  Nep¬ 
tune.” 
/Using  as  a  basis  for  computation  the 
fact  that  light  from  the  sun  x-eaches  us  in 
eight  minutes,  and  that  from  the  nearest 
fixed  star,  Alpha  Centauri,  in  about  four 
and  one-third  years  (according  to  latest 
authorities),  we  found  that  to  represent 
Alpha  Centauri  on  the  same  scale  we 
should  have  had  to  place  a  great  globe 
at  a  distance  of  over  200  miles  from  our 
basket  sun!  This,  better  than  anything 
else,  helped  us  to  realize  the  remarkably 
isolated  location  of  our  solar  system,  in 
the  great  universe  of  fixed  stars,  every 
one  of  which  that  we  see  is  a  burning 
sun. 
With  our  crude  “system”  before  us  it 
was  easy  to  leaim  the  meaning  of  con¬ 
junction,  opposition  and  quadrature,  and 
interesting  to  learn  special  facts  about 
each  planet;  as,  for  instance,  that  Mer¬ 
cury  has  the  density  of  lead,  an  average 
temperature  above  that  Of  boiling  water, 
and  a  speed  of  70  times  that  of  a  ride 
ball ;  that  Venus  has  phases,  like  the 
moon;  that  Jupiter,  which  we  appropri¬ 
ately  represented  by  an  orange,  has  the 
density  of  water,  and  that  Mars  has 
peculiarities  suggesting  atmosphere  and 
possible  inhabitants.  'We  read  articles 
on  Mars,  written  from  various  viewpoints. 
Of  course,  we  considered  the  laws  of  light, 
centrifugal  and  centripetal  force,  etc., 
and  w7e  read  articles  on  the  spectroscope 
and  on  recently  invented  instruments  used 
bv  astronomers.  Before  closing  the  first 
Winter’s  wTork  we  had  had  a  lesson  or  two 
diligence  of  middle  life  and  the  restorative 
of  age.  Life  is  always  enriched  by  new 
and  wider  interests. 
GRACE  AGNES  TIMMERMAN. 
Saving  the  Surplus  at  Butchering  Time 
No  matter  how  carefully  we  manage, 
there  must  be  an  unavoidable  surplus  of 
fresh  pork  trimmings,  such  as  back¬ 
bones,  sipareribs,  heads,  feet,  etc.,  at 
butchering  time.  If  within  easy  reach  of 
a  good  market  such  surplus  may  be  dis¬ 
posed  of  at  a  profit ;  however,  manv 
housewives,  like  myself,  prefer  to  utilize 
these  by-products  by  preserving  them  in 
such  a  wray  that  they  will  come  to  the 
table  in  a  palatable,  wholesome  manner 
weeks  after  the  butchering  season,  when 
the  family  will  relish  roast  ribs,  pickled 
feet,  roasted  backbone,  etc.  This  may 
be  easily  done,  and  the  only  utensils  need¬ 
ed  are  some  clean,  sweet  gallon  stone 
jars,  which  are  available  in  almost  everv 
home. 
As  soon  as  the  lard  and  sausage  mak¬ 
ing  are  done,  the  meat  trimmed  and  salt¬ 
ed.  for  I  look  after  all  of  these,  1  cut  up 
all  surplus  backbones  and  ribs  as  if  to 
cook  ;  wash  well  and  drop  in  salted  water 
over  night.  Next  morning  drain  and 
drop  the  pieces  into  kettles  of  deep  boil¬ 
ing  fat.  Cook  until  a  light  brown,  but 
not  hard ;  pack  closely  in  stone  jars  to 
within  2  in.  of  the  top,  weigh  down  until 
cold,  then  cover  with  melted  fat  and  tie 
down  with  heavy  paper.  When  cold,  set 
away  in  a  dry,  •  cool  place.  These  will 
keep  nicely  for  weeks  during  the  Winter 
months.  Backbones  are  best  cooked 
slowly  in  the  oven  until  rather  done 
through.  When  ready  to  serve  remove 
from  jar,  place  in  roasting  pan  and  sift 
flour  over,  season  with  pepper,  pour  over 
a  little  boiling,  water  and.  brown  in  the 
oven.  Or  ribs  may  be  cut  in  smaller 
pieces,  cooked  as  above  and  packed  in 
heated  fruit  jars,  covered  with  fat  arid 
sealed,  when  they  will  keep  indefinitely. 
Livers  may  be  sliced,  fried  until  cooked 
through,  and  handled  as  above.  The  sxir- 
plus  lean  pieces  from  heads  and  jowls, 
also  tongues,  may  be  cut  in  pimper  sized 
pieces,  simmered  in  a  very  little  water 
until  tender,  packed  in  fruit  jars  and  cov¬ 
ered  with  the  liquor,  boiled  down  until 
very  little  remains,  packed  in  small  jars 
and  covered  with  this  broth,  -which  will 
form  a  jelly  and  will,  if  kept  in  a  cold 
place,  remain  fresh  during  weeks  of  Win¬ 
try  weather. 
For  head  cheese,  clean  heads  and  feet, 
soak  over  night  in  salt  water,  to  remove 
blood.  Boil  slowly  until  meat  di’ops 
from  bone,  let  cool,  chop  fine,  removing 
all  particles  of  bone,  and  season  to  taste 
with  salt,  pepper  and  sage;  pack  in 
crocks  and  wTeigh  down  until  cold.  This 
may  be  eaten  plain,  or  sliced  and  dropped 
in  vinegai\  or  is  nice  for  making  hash  by 
adding  sliced  onions,  a  few  cold  potatoes, 
if  desired,  and  a  tablespoon  of  flour 
stirred  in  water.  MRS.  i.ili.ie  YORK. 
Sterling 
BAKES 
A 
BARREL? 
OF 
FLOUR, 
WITH 
ONE 
HOD 
OF 
COAL 
Has  No 
Equal ” 
Has  No 
Equal” 
'T'HE  STERLING,  has  baked  a  barrel 
A  of  flour  with  a  single  hod  of  coal  in 
hundreds  of  public  demonstrations.  It 
will  do  the  smaller  tasks  in  your  home 
with  proportionately  greater  economy. 
Every  STERLING  is  sold  with  a  double 
guarantee  of  satisfaction  signed  by  both 
the  dealer  and  the  factory  and  upon  con¬ 
venient  terms  if  you  wish. 
Have  your  local  dealer  demonstrate  this  range 
or  write  for  printed  matter  and  dealer's  name 
Sill  Stove  Works,  Rochester,  N.  Y. 
©  • 
Aspirin 
Say  “Bayer”  and  InsistI 
Fine  Quality-Rich  Flavory 
OFFEE 
fyesh  from  Roaster 
jf  BLEND  of  the  best  high 
p/I  grown  mountain  coffee 
^  with  a  tantalizingly  fra¬ 
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will  delight  the  most  particular 
i  person.  Roasted  dally  andship- 
i  ped  to  you  at  the  wholesale  price 
of  35c  a  pound  in  5  pound  lots. 
Known  as  our  Hotel  Blend  and  _ 
s  the  product  of  our  83  years'  experience 
r,  in  the  coffee  husiness.  In  the  whole  bean  or 
1  —  ground.  This  quality  usually  retails 
at  45  cents. 
PAY  ON  DELIVERY 
plus  few  cents  d  e  1  i  v  e  i^^charges. 
I  .  R  ^  Money  Back  promptly  If  nMatisfied 
LARGE  Send  10  cents  to  cover  postage  and 
packing,  on  large  free  sample  of  our 
SAMPLE  Hotol  Blond  coffee— enough  to  make 
v"mi  "  12  cup* — and  experience  for  your¬ 
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aroma.  State  if  whole  or  ground  bean  is  desired. 
GILLIES  COFFEE  CO.v  Dept.  E-2 
235  Washington  Street,  at  Park  Place,  New  York 
Unless  you  see  the  name  “Bayer”  on 
package  or  on  tablets  you  are  not  get¬ 
ting  the  genuine  Bayer  product  pre¬ 
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i 
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Over  a  million  satisfied  users.  Guaranteed 
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Yonr  money  back  if  not  satisfied. 
Live  Representative*  Wanted 
WHITE  FLAME  LIGHT  CO. 
88  Clark  Building  Grand  Raofda.  Mich. 
Accept  "Bayer  Tablets  of  Aspirin” 
only.  Each  unbroken  package  contains 
proper  directions.  Handy  boxes  of 
twelve  tablets  cost  few  cents.  Drug¬ 
gists  also  sell  bottles  of  24  and  100. 
Aspirin  is  the  trade  mark  of  Bayer 
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FINE  WHITE  ENVELOPES  neatly  crinted  with  your  re- 
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