1364 
The  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 
November  3,  1023 
Grower  f\ 
vested  indicates  clearly  the  value 
of  thorough  spraying.  Old,  unreliable,  low  /q  'jgfl 
pressure  sprayers  are  costly.  Successful  ^  J 
spraying  depends  on  a  successful  sprayer. 
See  our  exhibit  of  successful  sprayers  at  Grand  Central  Palace 
during  Eastern  Apple  Exposition. 
Make  Our  Exhibit  Your  Headquarters 
Meet  Attending  “FRIEND  ”  Distributors 
E.  A.  HACKETT,  New  England  LESLIE  HERRING,  Hudson  River 
TYSON  BROS.,  Pennsylvania  and  New  Jersey 
^Friend  Manufacturing  Co, 
Site  MANUFACTURERS  OF 
GASPORT,  N.  Y. 
YOU'LL  ALWAYS  BE  GLAD 
YOU  BOUGHT  aFRIEND* 
THEY  STAND  UP  TO  THE  RUTS 
“Month  after  month,  my  Qoodyear  Cords  stand  up  to  the  punish* 
ment  inflicted  by  rutted  roads.  Mileages  are  remarkably  good  and 
repair  costs  have  been  low.” 
D.  H.  Reynolds,  Ankeny,  Iowa 
WHEN  you  run  up  against  the  ruts  of  Fall 
and  Winter  hauling,  you  need  the  extra 
tough,  extra  thick  side-walls  of  the  rut-proof 
Goodyear  Cord  Truck  Tire.  You  need  the 
tractive  power  of  the  Goodyear  All-Weather 
Tread.  You  need  the  long-wearing,  high- 
mileage  quality  of  Goodyear  group-ply  construo 
tion— a  Goodyear  patent— for  more  miles  at 
low  tire  cost. 
The  new  beveled  All-Weather  Tread  Cord  Tire  is 
made  in  all  sizes  for  trucks  and  passenger  cars 
When  you  zvrite  advertisers  mention  The  R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a 
quick  reply  and  a  “square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 
Commercial  Fruit  Culture 
Advertising  Apples. — There  are  some 
farmers  who  have  changed  their  opinions 
about  advertising  since  the  great  Eastern 
Exposition  held  at  Springfield  recently. 
Apples  were  the  great  feature  of  the  ex¬ 
position,  and  on  one  day  45.000  apples 
were  given  away.  Now  the  reports  that 
have  come  in  since  the  show  disclose  the 
fact  that  a  greater  number  of  apples  were 
actually  sold  on  that  particular  day  than 
on  any  other  day  while  the  exposition 
lasted.  The  fear  had  been  felt  and  ex¬ 
pressed  that  the  free  distribution  of  fruit 
would  interfere  with  sales,  but.  on  the 
contrary,  it  stimulated  them.  Some  of 
the  Springfield  people  are  particularly 
intelligent  in  the  use  of  advertising  space. 
One  firm  in  that  city  put  up  signs  all 
through  the  western  part  of  the  State 
last  year,  urging  that  people  buy  apples, 
and  in  this  way  did  much  to  create  sales, 
the  benefits  of  which  were  also  felt  by 
other  firms.  This  same  concern  has  for 
a  long  time  maintained  a  huge  sign  near 
the  station  for  an  advertisement  of  an 
altruistic  nature  which  attracts  much  at¬ 
tention. 
Orchard  Conditions. — On  the  whole 
this  lias  been  a  very  good  season  for  ap¬ 
ples  in  New  England.  Pears  have  been 
few  trees  can  add  ordinary  skim-milk 
with  satisfactory  results. 
Spraying  Suggestions.  —  Formerly 
fruit  growers  were  told  that  if  they 
sprayed  their  trees  within  10  days  after 
the  petals  fall  they  would  kill  all  the 
codling  moths.  The  time  has  now  been 
reduced  to  five  days,  because  experience 
has  shown  that  if  the  weather  is  warm 
the  calyx  will  close  up  very  quickly.  Al¬ 
most  all  the  first  brood  of  the  codling 
moth  reach  the  apple  through  the  calyx 
end.  Some  growers  have  made  the  mis¬ 
take  of  using  Bordeaux  mixture  *in  their 
spray  material  after  the  petals  have  fal¬ 
len,  with  the  result  that  the  foliage  has 
been  burned.  Burning  is  not  always  due 
to  the  nature  of  the  spray  material,  how¬ 
ever.  Even  water  will  often  burn  leaves 
if  applied  in  the  middle  of  a  warm  day. 
For  that  reason  all  spraying  with  liquids 
should  be  done  in  the  morning  or  late  in 
the  afternoon  if  possible. 
Changing  Pruning  Methods. — Many 
changes  have  been  made  in  orcharding 
methods  in  New  England  in  the  course  of 
rhe  past  few  years.  These  changes  apply 
to  pruning  as  well  as  to  spraying,  and 
methods  of  cultivation.  The  Western 
vase-shaped  tree  has  ceased  to  find  favor 
mmm 
*■  '  V.  -y  :  v.  a-*  i 
Harvesting  Alfalfa 
Perhaps  you  did  not  know  that  there 
are  good  fields  of  Alfalfa  in  New  Hamp¬ 
shire.  Of  course  they  must  use  lots  of 
lime  to  make  the  Alfalfa  feel  at  home. 
Perhaps  it  does  not  pay  as  well  as  Alsike 
clover  or  Soy  beans,  but  at  any  rate  they 
can  grow  it  in  the  Granite  State.  The 
following  note  goes  with  the  picture. 
Here  are  a  couple  of  GO-year-old  boys 
with  a  venerable  team  and  mowing  ma¬ 
chine  showing  the  young  folks  how  to 
do  it. 
The  inclosed  picture  was  taken  in  the 
Alfalfa  field  of  Justin  O.  Clark  in  W  est 
in  New  Hampshire 
Concord,  N.  II.,  in  August,  1023.  The 
near  horse,  owned  by  Mr.  Clark,  is  over 
30  years  old.  and  the  off  one,  owned  by 
Judd  F.  Gile,  a  neighbor  of  Mr.  Clark, 
is  36  years  old.  The  age  of  this  horse  is 
correct,  as  Mr.  Gile  raised  her  from  a  colt 
and  has  owned  her  all  that  '.ime.  The 
mowing  machine  shown  in  the  picture 
has  been  in  use  every  year  for  27  years. 
Both  men  whose  pictures  appear  are  over 
60  years  old.  This  entire  combination 
is  as  vigorous  and  full  of  pep  as  any  out¬ 
fit  of  half  that  age.  If  any  section  of  the 
country  can  boast  of  a  better  outfit  for 
the  age,  we  would  like  to  see  their  pic¬ 
ture.  J.  O.  CLARK. 
New  Hampshire. 
plentiful  enough,  but  have  been  poor  in 
quality.  It  has  been  impossible  to  get 
enough  good  pears  to  make  a  respectable 
exhibition  at  the  big  apple  show  to  be 
held  in  New  York  this  month.  Apples 
lack  something  in  size  because  of  the  long 
drought,  but  are  pretty  well  colored.  It 
is  a  point  worth  noticing  that  orchards 
in  cultivation  have  given  much  better  re¬ 
sults  this  year  than  orchards  in  sod  land, 
the  reason  being,  no  doubt,  that  more 
moisture  has  been  made  available  for  the 
fruit.  In  the  western  part  of  the  State 
orchard  growers,  and  particularly  per¬ 
sons  with  a  few  trees,  who  did  not  spray 
carefully  last  Spring,  have  suffered  from 
attacks  of  a  newly  introduced  insect 
called  the  leaf  skeletonizer.  This  pest, 
which  came  into  Massachusetts  from 
Connecticut,  completely  riddles  the  foli¬ 
age  of  unprotected  trees,  greatly  decreas¬ 
ing  the  size  of  the  fruit  and  impairing 
the  flavor  of  the  apples.  If  the  pest 
continues  its  ravages  in  Western  Massa¬ 
chusetts,  unsprayed  trees  will  die  in  a 
few  years. 
Controlling  Apple  Scad.  —  Apple 
growers  in  the  eastern  part  of  Massa¬ 
chusetts.  and  particularly  those  w*ho 
specialize  in  McIntosh,  are  jubilant  over 
their  success  in  controlling  apple  scab, 
which  had  been  causing  much  apprehen¬ 
sion.  Up  to  three  years  ago  orohardists 
were  entirely  in 'the  dark  about  handling 
scab,  but  this  year  a  91)  per  cent  control 
has  been  obtained  in  all  orchards  where 
spraying  has  been  carried  on  according 
to  instructions  of  experts  who  have  been 
working  in  the  orchards.  The  secret 
comes  in  giving  an  extra  spray,  known  as 
the  pre-pink  spray.  Much  help  has  been 
obtained,  too.  by  using  Bordeaux  mix¬ 
ture  in  the  pink  spray.  The  use  of  case¬ 
in  in  some  form  has  become  very  com¬ 
mon  and  has  proved  a  great  help.  Casein, 
which  is  merely  a  form  of  skim-milk, 
adds  greatly  to  the  adhesiveness  of  the 
spray.  Moreover,  its  use  is  a  matter  of 
economy,  because  the  spray  mixture  con¬ 
taining  casein  will  go  30  or  40  per  cent 
further  than  without  it.  Persons  with  a 
here.  Better  results  are  obtained  by  the 
modified  central  leader  system.  By  this 
system  trees  are  headed  back  when  well 
grown  to  some  strong  lateral  branch. 
The  trees  are  allowed  to  grow  like  pines, 
up  to  12  or  IS  ft.  high,  and  then  the 
heading  back  process  is  started.  Natur¬ 
ally  there  are  exceptions  to  the  rules  of 
pruning,  as  to  most  other  rules.  Yellow 
Transparent,  Wagener  and  Spy  are  va¬ 
rieties  which  must  be  handled  according 
to  their  peculiar  characteristics.  They 
grow  compact  in  shape,  so  that  it  is  al¬ 
most  impossible  to  get  a  good  central 
leader.  For  that  reason  these  varieties 
are  allowed  to  grow  more  in  their  nor¬ 
mal  form,  but  when  they  come  into  heavy 
hearing  the  apples  weigh  down  the  ends 
of  the  limbs  and  open  up  the  trees  to 
the  sunlight  and  the  air;  Amateur  grow¬ 
ers  and  even,  some  professionals  usually 
make  the  mistake  of  having  their  trees 
too  thick.  Good  practice  warrants  tak¬ 
ing  off  perhaps  one  branch  in  three.  Fruit 
spurs  also  need  pruning,  for  otherwise 
the  trees  will  try  to  produce  much  more 
heavily  than  they  should.  In  former 
days  fruit  growers  were  told  that  they 
should  not  prune  until  early  Spring,  and 
when  the  late  J.  II.  Hale,  of  Connecti¬ 
cut,  said  that  the  time  to  prune  was 
when  the  shears  were  sharp,  he  was 
looked  upon  as  a  radical.  Now  his  views 
are  generally  accepted.  The  exception 
comes  in  the  case  of  *  very  weak  trees 
which  might  be  injured  if  pruned  in  cold 
weather.  There  is  very  little  danger  that 
strong  trees  will  be  hurt  at  all  by  Win¬ 
ter  cutting.  The  theory  was  in  former 
days  that  the  cambium  layer  would  die 
back  if  exposed,  but  this  does  not  seem  to 
be  the  case.  e.  i.  Farrington. 
Clancy  :  “Mrs.  Murphy,  yure  son 
Mike  has  just  fell  off  th’  scaffolding  and 
kilt  himself.”  Mrs.  Murphy :  “Merciful 
hivins!”  Clancy:  “Aisy  now !  ’Tis  only 
his  leg  that’s  bruk.  an’  it’s  glad  ye  will  be 
to  hear  it  whin  ye  thought  he  was  killed 
entoirely.” — Sydney  Bulletin. 
