The  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 
1409 
The  Henyard 
How  Pheasants  Are  Raised 
Will  you  give  information  relative  to 
care  of  pheasants  and  feeding  of  same? 
Norwalk,  Conn.  j.  e.  l. 
'While  it  is  impossible  to  go  into  all  the 
details  ofthe  care  and  breeding  of  pheas¬ 
ants  in  a  short  article,  I  will  try  to  give 
some  of  the  principal  features  of  the  busi¬ 
ness  as  practised  on  the  Benson  Pheasant 
Farm  at  Silverton,  Ore.,  where  about 
7,000  pheasants  are  raised  each  year. 
English  ringnecks  are  raised  mostly,  al¬ 
though  a  great  many  Mongolian  and  a 
few  Silvers  are  also  kept.  The  birds  are 
mated  up  in  small  pens  about  16x30  ft., 
with  a  small  low  shed  at  one  end,  and  the 
old  birds  are  fed  about  the  same  as  other 
poultry.  The  breeding  season  starts 
when  the  weather  becomes  mild  in  the 
Spring,  as  natural  conditions  must  be 
favorable,  or  your  best  efforts  may  result 
in  failure.  Natural  methods  of  incuba¬ 
tion  and  brooding  are  practiced.  Al¬ 
though  it  is  possible  to  hatch  the  eggs  in 
incubators,  the  young  birds  do  not  seem 
to  thrive  in  brooders,  so  the  eggs  are 
mostly  set  under  common  hens,  weighing 
from  4  to  5  lbs.  each,  as  larger  hens  are 
apt  to  break  the  eggs  and  are  rather 
clumsy  mothers.  The  nest  should  be  built 
on  the  ground,  in  a  small  hollow  depres¬ 
sion,  using  a  small  amount  of  hay  or 
straw,  so  the  eggs  will  get  the  natural 
moisture  from  the  ground.  In  very  dry 
weather  the  ground  around  the  nest  is 
sprinkled  occasionally  with  water.  Any 
kind  of  a  box  will  do  for  a  nest,  so  long 
as  it  has  an  earth  bottom  and  is  handy 
to  close  the  hen  on  the  nest.  In  23  days 
the  eggs  should  hatch,  and  it  would  be 
well  to  keep  the  opening  closed,  or  the 
little  pheasants  will  leave  their  foster 
mother,  as  they  do  not  understand  her 
call  nor  manner  for  a  day  or  two.  Be 
sure  all  lice  and  mites  are  killed ;  other¬ 
wise  you  will  raise  no  birds.  Use  a  good 
insect  powder  on  your  hens  before  setting 
them,  and  also  a  few  days  before  hatch¬ 
ing  time.  Leave  the  chicks  in  the  nest 
with  the  mother  until  thoroughly  dry, 
when  the  young  birds  will  be  very  wild. 
In  a  few  hours  you  can  move  the  mother 
hen  and  chicks  into  a  large  box,  where 
they  can  be  kept  a  couple  of  days.  This 
box  should  be  prepared  with  fine  sand,  a 
little  fine  charcoal  and  finely  cut  lettuce 
and  feed  for  the  hen.  Don’t  feed  the 
chicks  for  a  day  or  two.  Close  attention 
is  required  the  first  day  or  two  after 
hatching  to  see  that  the  chicks  are  prop¬ 
erly  hovered,  as  they  are  very  small,  and 
scamper  around  in  all  directions  as  far  as 
the  enclosure  allows. 
Feeding  the  young  birds  is  perhaps  the 
most  important  part  of  the  business,  and 
many  varied  opinions  exist  in  this  con¬ 
nection.  The  most  successful  of  all  food 
for  young  pheasants  is  fly  larvae  (mag¬ 
gots),  but  to  produce  larvae  that  are  clean 
and  wholesome  requires  some  experience. 
Stale  or  rotten  meat  will  not  make  larvae 
fit  food  for  chicks,  so  it  is  necessary  to 
procure  fresh  beef  liver  or  fresh  frozen 
fish.  About  1,200  lbs.  of  fish  are  used 
weekly  on  this  farm.  This  food,  however, 
is  used  mostly  by  the  large  farms,  so  we 
will  consider  other  food  which  has  been 
used  successfully.  Cottage  cheese  finely 
broken  and  mixed  with  chick  grain  is 
good.  Custards  in  small  quantities  and 
mixed  with  bread  or  cracker  crumbs, 
hard-boiled  eggs  finely  grated  and  mixed 
with  oatmeal  and  chick  grain,  makes  good 
food.  Another  way  to  prepare  feed  for 
chicks  and  growing  birds  is  as  follows : 
Procure  some  meat  trimmings  from  your 
butcher  (must  always  be  fresh),  and  pro¬ 
ceed  as  if  you  were  making  beef  soup  for 
yourself.  Boil  until  tender  and  pick  out 
all  bones,  if  any.  This  beef  stock  is 
greatly  improved  by  adding  a  little  onion, 
some  macaroni  or  vermicelli  and  rice. 
Then  mix  dry  the  following  feeds  in  about 
the  proportions  given  :  Good  mill  shoi’ts, 
25  per  cent ;  flaked  wheat  or  rolled  oats,  25 
per  cent ;  a  patent  feed,  30  per  cent : 
chick  food,  10  per  cent,  and  a  small 
amount  of  fine  charcoal.  Thoroughly 
mix  dry  and  add  your  beef  broth  suffi¬ 
cient  to  make  a  crumbly  feed.  Cover  the 
vessel  containing  the  feed  and  let  steam 
15  or  20  minutes,  when  it  is  ready  to 
serve.  Do  not  prepare  more  of  this  food 
at  a  time  than  you  need,  as  it  will  be 
likely  to  sour  and  be  unfit  for  use. 
As  the  young  pheasants  grow  they  will 
become  accustomed  gradually  to  eating 
wheat  and  coarser  foods,  such  as  given 
the  mother  hen.  It  is  always  well  to 
keep  in  mind  that  while  pheasants  are 
comparatively  small  eaters,  their  food 
must  be  of  the  finest  quality,  and  the 
utensils  used  kept  clean.  Disinfect  the 
water  pans  twice  a  week.  Always  keep 
fine  sand  or  fine  grit,  charcoal  and  greens 
in  your  pens,  and  remember  cleanliness  is 
of  first  importance  in  pheasant,  culture, 
and  never  crowd  too  many  birds  in  a  pen. 
These  birds  are  sold  mostly  to  parks 
and  State  game  preserves  at  very  profit¬ 
able  prices.  c.  s.  greene. 
Self-feeders;  Anti-freezirg  Device 
1.  I  have  60  pullets.  White  Wyan- 
dottes  and  R.  I.  Reds..  I  feed  the  Storrs 
egg-laying  contest  ration,  and  have  had 
fine  results.  As  I  work  out  and  do  not 
get  home  till  after  dark  during  the  short 
days  of  Winter,  I  do  not  think  I  shall 
have  much  luck.  I  can  care  for  them  in 
the  morning  all  right,  but  not  at  night 
before  dark.  If  there  were  electricity  on 
the  farm  the  problem  would  be  solved.  I 
want  to  know  if  the  self-feeders  on  the 
market  are  reliable,  and  if  I  could  use 
them  with  success.  Of  course  dry  mash 
is  before  the  birds  all  the  time.  If  these 
feeders  are  all  right,  could  you  give  dia¬ 
grams  showing  how  to  make  them?  I  feel 
that  it  would  hardly  pay  me  to  buy  three. 
The  birds  are  divided  in  three  small 
coops.  What  other  method  could  I  use  if 
the  feeders  are  not  advisable?  2.  About 
potassium  permanganate  and  copper  sul¬ 
phate  ;  which  is  the  better  to  use  for  roup 
prevention,  and  what  strength  and  what 
kind  of  containers  would  it  have  to  be  put 
in?  3.  How  can  little  stoves  be  used  to 
keep  the  water  from  freezing?  L.  J.  c. 
Durham,  Conn. 
1.  I  do  not  know  of  any  self-feeder  that 
feeds  the  flock  at  a  stated  time,  though  I 
think  that  one  could  be  made  to  be  oper¬ 
ated  by  clockwork,  releasing  the  grain  put 
in  beforehand.  Isn’t  it  possible  for  some¬ 
one  in  your  family  to  give  the  night  feed¬ 
ing  of  grain?  If  you  are  of  an  ingenious 
turn  of  mind,  I  think  that  you  could  ar¬ 
range  an  alarm  clock  to  release  a  trip  at 
a  set  time,  this  trip,  in  turn,  to  release  a 
weight  that  would  jerk  open  the  bottom 
of  a  hopper  suspended,  or  elevated,  above 
the  feeding  floor.  This  would  be  very 
much  like  some  of  the  arrangements  for 
turning  on  an  electric  light  at  night  by 
clockwork. 
2.  Potassium  permanganate  is  a  disin¬ 
fectant  of  somewhat  feeble  power  and  has 
been  much  used  as  an  antiseptic  and  dis¬ 
infectant  about  poultry  quarters.  There 
does  not  seem  to  be  any  standard  strength 
used,  it  usually  being  advised  to  put 
enough  of  the  crystals  or  of  a  stock  solu¬ 
tion  into  the  drinking  water  of  fowls  to 
color  that  a  wine  red.  This  substance  is 
not  poisonous,  except  in  large  dosage,  and 
a  solution  weak  enough  so  that  fowls  will 
drink  it  doubtless  has  some  power  to  pre¬ 
vent  the  growth  and  spread  of  disease  or¬ 
ganisms. 
3.  A  pail  of  water  may  be  set  upon 
the  top  of  one  of  the  stoves  you  mention, 
that  furnishing  enough  heat  to  prevent 
freezing.  If  pail  and  stove  were  inclosed 
in  a  box,  open  at  the  top,  the  heat  from 
the  stove  would  be  conserved.  M.  b.  d. 
Pullets  With  Colds 
My  pullets  are  eight  months  old ;  they 
have  colds.  What  is  the  best  medicine 
for  them?  I  lose  one  or  two  every  day. 
Millville,  N.  J,  w.  d. 
If  these  pullets  have  colds,  they  should 
recover  upon  being  placed  in  clean,  dry 
and  comfortable  quarters,  where  they  will 
not  be  subject  to  drafts  while  upon  their 
perches,  but  where  they  will  have  plenty 
of  fresh  air  day  and  night.  If  they  have 
true  roup,  shown  by  a  sticky  discharge 
from  eyes  and  nostrils,  with  a  bedraggled 
and  evidently  sick  appearance,  and  per¬ 
haps  also  an  eruption  like  that  of  chicken- 
pox  upon  the  face  and  comb,  or  “cankers” 
— patches  of  false  membrane — in  the 
mouth  and  throat,  such  treatment  as  fre¬ 
quent  cleaning  of  the  nostrils  with  an 
antiseptic  solution,  such  as  boric  acid, 
one  ounce  to  the  quart  of  water,  the 
painting  of  the  cankers  with  pure  tinct¬ 
ure  of  iodine,  and  instillation  into  eyes  of 
several  drops  of  a  15  per  cent  solution  of 
argyrol  after  using  the  boric  acid  solution 
for  cleaning  out  discharge  from  eyes  and 
nostrils.  Such  treatment  is  tedious  and 
not  likely  to  be  very  effective  in  the  hands 
of  those  who  have  but  limited  time  to 
give  to  their  flock.  Vaccination  against 
roup  is  also  practiced,  with  reported  good 
results.  m.  b.  D. 
Vaccination  for  Roup  Prevention 
I  would  like  some  information  for  roup 
prevention  in  hens.  What  equipment  do 
I  need?  What  would  be  the  approximate 
cost  per  1.000  hens?  a.  o.  r. 
Unionville,  N.  Y. 
Vaccination  against  roup,  chicken-pox, 
etc.,  is  accomplished  by  injecting  the 
liquid  vaccine  matter  under  the  loose 
skin  beneath  a  fowl’s  wing  two  or  three 
times,  at  intervals  of  about  a  week.  A 
hypodermic  syringe  is  used  and  the  vac¬ 
cine  may  be  obtained  from  several  mak¬ 
ers  of  such  laboratory  products.  The 
State  Agricultural  College  at  Ithaca 
may  be  able  to  supply  a  limited  amount. 
The  only  apparatus  needed  is  a  hypoder¬ 
mic  syringe  of  proper  size  and  bottles  for 
holding  the  vaccine  and  antiseptic  so¬ 
lution  (tincture  of  iodine)  used  to  dis¬ 
infect  site  of  puncture. 
There  does  not  seem  to  be  full  agree¬ 
ment  among  investigators  as  to  the  value 
of  this  method  of  preventing  roup  and 
chickenpox,  but  it  is  being  extensively 
tried  and  appears  to  be  promising. 
M.  b.  D. 
Poor  Hatching 
The  past  season  has  been  one  of  un¬ 
usually  bad  luck  in  the  chick  business. 
My  hatches  of  fertile  eggs  have  been  be¬ 
low  50  per  cent,  the  chick  being  fully 
matured,  but  unable  to  get  out  of  the 
shell.  Eggs  hatched  by  the  hens  came 
through  all  right,  but  in  the  incubator 
they  were  “hung  up.”  I  have  been  told 
the  trouble  was  duetto  the  over-stimulat¬ 
ing  feed  during  the  past  Winter,  the  ex¬ 
traordinary  laying  of  the  pullets  during 
that  time,  and  the  consequent  debility 
was  the  result  of  that  method.  My  feed¬ 
ing  was  the  mash  recommended  by  you, 
the  Cornell  formula  and  semi-solid  but¬ 
termilk,  corn  and  wheat  scratch  feed  with 
cabbage  as  a  green  feed.  The  greater 
part  of  my  flock  was  pullets.  This  year 
I  have  a  larger  part  of  hens,  and  desire 
information  as  to  the  best  procedure. 
Uniontown,  Md.  L.  K. 
It  is  not  reasonable  to  expect  the  great¬ 
est  possible  vigor  from  fowls,  whether 
pullets  or  old  hens,  that  are  closely  con¬ 
fined,  heavily  fed  and  induced  to  lay  to 
the  extent  of  their  capacity  through  the 
Winter.  Lack  of  vigor  in  the  fowl  must 
be  reflected  in  lack  of  vigor  in  the  off¬ 
spring.  I  know  of  no  way  in  which 
heavy  production  and  abundant  vitality 
in  the  embryo  can  be  combined.  One  or 
the  other  must  be  chosen,  or  a  compro¬ 
mise  may  be  accepted.  If  the  breeding 
flock  can  be  kept  separate  from  the  lay¬ 
ers  and  fed  moderately,  with  no  attempt 
to  force  egg  production  until  the  natural 
laying  season  of  the  year,  better  hatches 
may  be  expected.  If  hatching  must  be 
done  from  a  flock  that  has  been  closely 
confined  and  heavily  fed  for  egg  pro¬ 
duction  through  the  Winter,  the  owner 
must  accept  fewer  strong  chicks  and 
greater  difficulty  in  hatching.  M.  B.  D. 
Blackhead  or  Coccidiosis 
Do  you  know  anything  to  give  turkeys 
that  will  keep  the  cholera  away,  or  cure 
it?  I  lose  a  good  many  with  it;  have 
two  that  have  it  now.  I  saw  in  some  pa¬ 
per  of  some  persons  giving  their  turkeys 
something  to  keep  it  from  them,  but  have 
forgotten  what  it  was.  mrs.  r.  b.  d. 
Dutchess  Co.,  N.  Y. 
I  think  it  probable  that  what  you 
think  is  cholera  is  simply  the  diarrhoea 
that  accompanies  blackhead  or  coccid¬ 
iosis  in  young  turkeys.  These  diseases 
are  very  difficult  to  keep  away,  since  the 
organisms  that  cause  them  are  so  wide¬ 
spread  as  to  be  found  practically  every¬ 
where.  The  remedies  that  you  have  seen 
recommended  are  very  likely  powdered 
crude  catechu  and  powdered  ipecac. 
Powdered  catechu  may  be  administered 
in  the  drinking  water  of  the  poults,  be¬ 
ing  kept  before  them  as  a  preventive  dur¬ 
ing  the  first  few  months  of  life.  One- 
third  of  a  teaspoon  to  the  gallon  of  drink¬ 
ing  water  is  *he  dose.  Powdered  ipecac, 
in  the  dosage  of  one  teaspoon  to  each  20 
birds,  young  and  old,  given  in  moist 
mash  twice  weekly,  is  also  recommended 
as  a  preventive  of  blackhead  ;  catechu  be¬ 
ing  particularly  the  remedy  for  coccidio¬ 
sis,  though  useful  in  the  former  disease 
also. 
The  treatment  of  these  diseases  has 
been  made  a  study  by  many  competent 
investigators,  but  it  cannot  yet  be  said 
that  any  fully  satisfactory  remedy  has 
been  found.  The  above  seem  at  present 
to  offer  most  hope,  when  prevention 
rather  than  cure  is  attempted,  m.  b.  d. 
Employer  (to  new  office  boy)  :  “Can 
you  learn  luickly  the  duties  of  your  po¬ 
sition?”  N.  O.  B.  (proudly)  :  “Yes,  sir. 
I  had  five  positions  this  month,  and  I 
learned  the  duties  of  every  one  of  them.” 
-^Ladies’  Home  Journal. 
About  10  Acres  of  Pheasant  Yards  on  the  Benson  Pheasant  Farm  at  Silvertown, 
Oregon.  Photo  by  C.  8.  Greene 
“Leaves  No  Stain1 
»» 
1-0 
is  more  than  a  first  aid- 
is  a  lasting  relief  from 
Swollen  Glands,  Cuts,  Bruises,  Goitre,  Rheumatism, 
Burns,  Boils,  Lumbago,  Skin  Diseases,  Chilblains, 
Neuritis,  Neuralgia,  Insect  Bites,  Sciatica,  Muscular 
Stiffness  and  Sprains. 
1-0  contains  more  free  iodine  than  the  tincture  of 
common  use,  combined  with  other  pain-killing  ingredi¬ 
ents  to  make  1-0  the  most  potent  and  efficacious  external 
remedy  known  to  science.  1-0  penetrates  to  kill  infec¬ 
tion  at  its  source,  giving  swift  and  soothing  relief. 
Send  SOc  for  trial  tube  or  we  will  send 
2  tubes  C.  O.  D.  lor  Sl.OO 
HALOGEN  LABORATORY,  INC.,  Amliyvllle.  New  York 
Cider  Apples  Wanted  * 
in  small  quantities  or 
car  load  lots. 
JOHN  F.  WILKENS  PEEKSKILL,  N.  Y.  Tel.  21-F-4 
Cider  Apples  Wanted  Stephen  RETHo°'oV  8o!Norw»ik,  conn 
WE  BUY 
Hallman,  Inwood  Hi.,  N.  T.  Balsam  Pine  Clippings 
Subscribers’  Exchange 
Other  Advertisements  of  Subscribers 
Exchange  will  be  found  on  page  1411. 
HONEY — Clover  and  basswood,  5  lbs.,  $1.10;  10 
lbs.,  $2;  buckwheat,  $1  and  $1.75,  postpaid. 
M.  E.  BALLARD,  Roxbury,  N.  Y. 
4,800  WISHBONE,  1922  model;  two  Miller  Ideal, 
4,(180.  0,240,  both  1923  models.  FORREST 
TIBBITTS,  Brunswick,  Ohio. 
can,  $1.50,  delivered.  HARRY  J.  BORE- 
MAN,  Box  87,  Katonah,  N.  Y. 
PURE  maple  syrup,  $1.75  to  $2.25  per  gal, 
f.o.b.,  in  6-gal.  lots,  ARTHUR  B.  ROSE,  An¬ 
dover,  Ohio, 
HONEY — Wixson’s  pure  honey,  price  list,  free. 
ROSCOE  F.  WIXSON,  Dept.  G,  Dundee,  N.  Y. 
FOR  SALE — Finest  quality  clover  honey  in.  60- 
lb.  cans,  two  for  $15;  buckwheat,  60-lb.  cans, 
two  for  $12;  also  5-lb.  pails,  white,  $10  per 
doz. ;  sample,  20e;  satisfaction  guaranteed.  ED 
A.  REDDOUT,  New  Woodstock,  N.  Y. 
HONEY  CHOCOLATES — We  are  again  ready 
to  book  ofders  for  this  delicious  confection; 
2-lb.  box,  $1.80;  1-lb.,  $1,  postage  prepaid. 
ENDION,  Naples,  N.  Y. 
BUCKEYE  incubator  for  sale,  10,360-egg  ca¬ 
pacity,  used  two  seasons,  S.  POSNER,  R.  F. 
D.  3,  Plainfield,  N.  J. 
FOR  SALE — Wishbone  incubator  sections,  used 
two  seasons,  in  A1  condition,  1922  model;  also 
one  1,200-egg  size  Candee  machine,  in  good  con¬ 
dition;  will  sell  cheap  to  quick  buyer.  J.  N. 
NACE,  Richfield,  Pa. 
WANTED — International  sanitary  hovers;  must 
be  in  good  condition;  state  price  and  bow 
long  used.  I.  D.  WALLACE,  North  Middle- 
boro,  Mass. 
FOR  SALE — No.  1  American  sawmill;  40  and 
48-in.  inserted- tooth  saws;  10-in.  belt;  18  h.p. 
gasoline  engine;  24-in.  surface  planer;  all  in 
very  good  condition,  for  $400.  J.  A.  STALKER, 
Whallonsburg,  N.  Y. 
FOR  SALE — “Delco”  light  plant;  %  k.w'.;  little 
used  and  in  fine  condition;  $300;  also  250-gal 
‘■Deico”  electric  pump  and  tank,  $100;  both  for 
$3(5.  A.  H.  PENNY,  Mattituck,  L.  I.,  N.  Y. 
WANTED-Barrel  Tolman  sweet  apples.  AD¬ 
VERTISER  4332,  care  Rural  New-Yorker. 
WANTED — Antiques;  pewter,  maple  furniture; 
r  descriptions  or  photographs.  MRS.  H. 
LONSDALE,  1(4  Sullivan  St.,  New  York  City. 
WANTED — Small  hot  water  boiler,  such  as  Can- 
dee  or  others,  and  pipes.  PAUL  MYERS, 
Berrien  Springs,  Mich. 
PURE  Vermont  maple  syrup,  gallon  $2.40;  10-lb. 
pail  sugar,  $3;  satisfaction  and  products  guar¬ 
anteed.  G.  L.  HOWARD,  Essex  Jet.,  Vt. 
Pails,  here,  clover, 
buckwheat,  $5  (prepaid  within  third 
Z?ne’cA6i'J5  and  $<5A5;  second  zone,  55c  less); 
abso  60-lb.  cans  and  5-lb.  pails,  large  lots  or 
^^1;~lllustrate<3  circular  free.  RAY  C.  WIL¬ 
COX,  Odessa,  N.  Y. 
TRY  our  honey-nut  candy;  It’s  a  healthful 
sweet  that’s  good  to  eat;  this  delicious  con¬ 
fection  is  made  from  choice  natural  foods  that 
are  rich  in  minerals  and  vitamines;  contains 
no  cane  sugar,  only  pure  honey  and  nuts;  two 
Por?smo$uth®°Va.  SAWTEB  BR0S-  *>»te  3, 
HONEY — Pure  extracted  clover,  5  lbs.,  $1  20* 
^  lbs:.  $2.15;  buckwheat,  $1  and  $1.85,  post¬ 
al.  ^wtt  TZT°??iti  6t>  lbsV  here’  ?8  an(1  $6.60. 
H.  F.  WILLIAMS,  Romulus,  N.  Y. 
CLOVER  HONEY,  10  lbs.,  $2.10;  5  lbs..  $1.15, 
Ridge, VeN  J.  FAULKNER  APIARIES,  Basking 
BUNGALOW  aprons,  new  attractive  styles 
pretty  and  well  made  in  good  quality  neroalp’ 
postpaid  $1.35.  E.  STILSON,  k.  8?  Shelton, 
4 ’ -n.C y„Pn E R s  incubator.  HILLSIDE  POUL¬ 
TRY  FARM,  Juliustown,  N.  J. 
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