1480 
The  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 
December  1,  1923 
Live  Stock  Matters 
Conducted  By  Prof.  F.  C.  Minkler 
Various  Dairy  Questions 
What  kind  of  a  dairy  ration  would  be 
best  for  us?  We  have  seven  cows  and 
five  heifers,  between  14  months  and  two 
years.  At  the  present  time  we  are  feed¬ 
ing  the  cows  a  mixed  feed.  We  have 
about  four  acres  of  green  corn  cut  that 
is  dried  now,  and  plenty  of  hay.  We 
have  no  silo.  At  the  present  the  cows 
are  giving  between  three  and  seven  quarts 
of  milk.  IIow  much  feed  should  be 
given  to  increase  their  milk  and  use 
plenty  of  corn  on  hand?  Should  drink¬ 
ing  water  be  warmed  when  cow  comes 
fresh?  At  what  age  should  a  heifer  be 
bred?  IIow  often  should  the  cows  get 
salt  and  how  much  to  a  cow?  G.  K. 
Pennsylvania. 
For  the  five  heifers  between  14  months 
and  two  years  of  age  use  a  mixture  con¬ 
sisting  of  three  parts  of  cornmeal,  three 
parts  of  ground  oats,  three  parts  of  bran, 
and  one  part  of  linseed  meal.  Feed  from 
four  to  six  pounds  of  this  grain  per  day, 
depending  upon  the  age  and  weight  of  the 
heifers.  Enough  grain  should  be  fed  to 
permit  the  heifers  to  grow  and  gain  in 
weight,  and  they  should  carry  a  fair 
amount  of  flesh. 
For  the  dry  cows  that  are  now  in  milk 
a  simple  ration  consisting  of  four  parts 
of  corn  and  cob  meal,  two  parts  of  ground 
oats,  two  parts  of  cottonseed  meal,  two 
parts  of  linseed  meal,  and  one  part  of 
bran  is  recommended.  Feed  one  pound 
of  this  mixture  for  each  three  pounds  of 
milk  produced  per  day,  and,  in  addition, 
feed  them  all  of  the  roughage  that  they 
w'ill  consume  with  relish.  We  do  not 
know  what  particular  brand  of  dairy  feed 
you  are  using  ,but  we  know  that,  if  you 
had  no  experience  in  the  mixing  of  feeds 
or  in  the  feeding  of  dairy  cattle,  there 
is  a  distinct  advantage  in  purchasing 
one  of  the  better  grades  of  mixed  feeds. 
The  corn  should  be  ground  and  mixed 
with  the  other  feeds  mentioned.  Very 
little  would  be  gained  by  feeding  ear 
corn,  or  shelled  corn  alone  to  cows  of 
this  character. 
It  is  the  practice  of  successful  dairy¬ 
men  to  give  cows  at  calving  time  a  warm 
bran  mash.  If  the  chill  can  be  taken 
off  of  the  water,  particularly  during  the 
Winter,  this  is  desirable.  For  the  or¬ 
dinary  drinking  water  very  little,  if  any¬ 
thing,  is  gained  by  warming  the  water. 
If  the  cow  is  blanketed  and  kept  free 
from  draughts  there  is  no  reason  why 
she  should  not  come  through  this  period 
in  good  shape. 
Heifers  that  are  well  grown  may  be 
mated  when  they  are  IS  months  or  two 
years  old,  so  that  they  will  freshen  when 
they  are  two  and  a  half  years  old,  or 
thereabouts.  If  the  heifers  are  under¬ 
sized  and  poorly  grown  then  they  should 
not  be  bred  until  they  are  fully  two 
years  old. 
Salt  should  be  available  for  dairy  cows 
at  all  times.  If  the  rock  salt  is  used  it 
can  be  put  in  boxes  in  a  protected  place, 
or,  if  the  ordinary  salt  is  used,  then  a 
pound  and  a  half  should  be  mixed  with 
each  100  lbs.  of  feed  fed.  Dairy  cows 
that  are  giving  generous  amounts  of 
milk  should  have  a  daily  allowance  of 
salt  as  they  would  clean  up  with  relish. 
Evidently  you  are  a  beginner  in  the 
dairy  business,  and  we  trust  that  you 
have  been  fortunate  enough  to  secure  a 
herd  of  dairy  cows  that  will  enable  you 
to  increase  your  profits. 
Feeding  Corn  and  Oats  With  Bean  Pods 
Would  you  give  me  a  satisfactory  grain 
ration  for  dairy  cows?  I  have  corn  and 
oats  to  grind.  I  would  like  to  use  as 
much  of  this  grain  as  possible.  Will 
feed  corn  and  pea  silage  from  canning 
factory,  morning  and  night.  I  have  bean 
pods  and  Alfalfa  hay  to  feed  in  the  mid¬ 
dle  of  the  day.  Would  you  give  me  the 
method  ’of  figuring  protein  in  milled 
feeds?  S.  A. 
New  York. 
Corn  and  oats  are  both  carbohydrate 
feeds.  The  addition  of  gluten  feed,  lin¬ 
seed  meal,  or  cottonsed  meal  would  sup¬ 
plement  these  home-grown  feeds  and  pro¬ 
vide  a  palatable  mixture.  Corn  and  pea 
silage  from  the  canning  factory  makes 
excellent  succulence.  The  bean  pods  and 
Alfalfa  hay  would  provide  an  excellent 
roughage. 
It  is  proposed  that  for  the  conditions 
described  you  use  a  mixture  consisting 
of:  400  lbs.  corn  and  cob  meal,  200  lbs. 
oats,  200  lbs.  cottonseed  meal.  100  lbs. 
linseed  meal,  100  lbs.  gluten  feed. 
Since  both  the  silage  and  the  roughage 
available  are  proportionately  high  in 
protein  this  combination  will  produce  ex¬ 
cellent  results.  It  enables  you  to  use  a 
generous  amount  of  your  home-grown 
feed  and  this  is  highly  desirable. 
The  amount  of  protein  in  any  given 
rctiou  is  determined  by  tabulating  the 
percentage  of  protein  contributed  by  the 
several  ingredients  used,  and  computing 
the  relative  proportion  of  the  total  pro¬ 
tein  to  the  total  carbohydrate  plus  the 
fat  analysis  of  the  feed.  The  protein 
content  of  mixed  feeds  is  determined  by 
chemical  analysis.  The  above  combina¬ 
tion  will  result  in  a  ration  carrying  be¬ 
tween  17  and  18  per  cent  of  protein. 
Ration  for  Fresh  Cows 
Will  you  balance  a  grain  ration  for  new 
milk  cows.  I  have  silage  rich  in  corn 
with  Alsike  clover  for  roughage.  I  have 
some  wheat  and  oats.  I  can  buy  cottou- 
seed.  gluten,  homlfcy,  oilmeal,  bran  and 
middlings  and  cornmeal.  Please  give  me 
a  ration  with  the  wheat  and  oats  and 
one  without.  e.  e.  w. 
New  York. 
With  silage  made  from  corn  well  ma¬ 
tured  and  Alsike  clover  for  roughage,  a 
grain  ration  combining  wheat  and  oats 
with  the  other  ingredients  mentioned 
would  be  as  follows :  ground  wheat  and 
oats,  400  lbs. ;  gluten  feed,  200  lbs. ;  cot¬ 
tonseed  meal,  150  lbs. :  linseed  meal,  100 
lbs. ;  hominy  meal,  150  lbs. 
In  case  you  desire  to  substitute  hominy 
meal  and  other  ingredients  for  the  wheat 
and  oats  we  should  make  the  following 
changes ;  hominy,  400  lbs. ;  bran,  200 
lbs. ;  cottonseed  meal,  150  lbs. ;  linseed 
meal,  150  lbs. ;  gluten  feed,  100  lbs. 
The  last  named  ration  would  be  the 
most  economical  in  case  the  hominy  were 
purchased  at  a  reasonable  figure  and  you 
have  a  good  market  for  your  wheat. 
Ground  wheat  does  not  make  an  es¬ 
pecially  valuable  feed  for  dairy  cows ; 
hominy  is  a  more  economical  source  of 
carbohydrate  and  when  combined  with 
bran  is  more  desirable  than  a  combina¬ 
tion  of  wheat  and  oats.  'Middlings,  un¬ 
less  they  are  less  expensive  than  bran, 
are  not  a  necessary  constituent  of  dairy 
feeds.  Usually  they  carry  considerable 
screenings.  Bran,  on  account  of  its  bulk 
and  rich  mineral  content,  is  more  popu¬ 
lar  among  dairymen.  Mix  a  pound  and 
a  half  of  salt  with  each  100  lbs.  of  this 
feed. 
Countrywide  Produce  Situation 
(Continued  from  Page  1472) 
handling.  But  the  waste  due  to  crowding 
and  inconvenience  may  be  reduced  when¬ 
ever  the  city  and  State  decide  to  do  so. 
New  York  is  often  considered  a  city  of 
very  high  cost  in  marketing.  Improve¬ 
ments  now  perfected  are  likely  to  make 
important  changes. 
IMPROVING  CITY  MARKETS 
New  York’s  145.000  cars  of  fruits  and 
vegetables  yearly  would  make  up  a  solid 
train  extending  from  the  Atlantic  to  the 
Rockies.  This  produce  brings  the  farmer 
about  the  same  prices  as  when  shipped  to 
other  cities,  but  the  consumer  pays  higher 
prices  than  almost  anywhere  else.  One 
reason  for  the  high  cost  of  selling  is  the 
size  and  shape  of  the  city  and  the  awk¬ 
ward  method  of  handling.  All  those  thou¬ 
sands  of  carloads  are  crowded  down  into 
the  neck  of  the  bottle-shaped  land,  which 
is  New  York.  The  wholesale  buyer  has 
to  dodge  about  from  one  freight  yard  to 
another,  taking  his  potatoes,  apples,  cab¬ 
bage  and  perhaps  a  dozen  other  lines, 
each  from  different  cars  and  under  terri¬ 
bly  crowded  conditions,  and  he  must  go 
to  several  terminals  to  find  all  he  wants 
to  make  up  his  load.  The  result  is  no 
end  of  the  waiting  lines  of  trucks  and  a. 
vast  waste  of  highly  paid  time.  At  some 
of  the  railroad  ferries  where  the  cars  are 
unloaded,  the  produce  is  trucked  to  a 
more  open  space  before  the  buyer  fills  his 
wagon,  but  that  means  costly  extra  han¬ 
dling. 
The  city  and  government  authorities 
are  talking  of  a  belt  line  which  will  keep 
the  trucks  moving  and  a  system  of  small 
electric  carriers  for  shifting  the  produce 
and  loading  it  into  the  trucks  from  over¬ 
head.  The  plan  will  save  some  expense, 
but  the  feeding  of  great  cities  will  be 
especially  costly  until  a  way  is  found  to 
spread  out  the  population  so  they  can  be 
reached  easily  by  producers.  Possibly  the 
coming  age  of  air  travel  will  do  this.  The 
trouble  is  at  its  worst  in  New  York,  but 
most  large  cities  have  a  market  problem, 
due  more  than  anything  else,  tb  a  system 
that  has  grown  without  much  planning. 
Usually  there  are  two  or  more  freight 
stations  located  in  different  places,  each 
far  away  from  the  center  of  the  city. 
One  railroad  train  perhaps  comes  from 
the  South  and  brings  in  early  truck  and 
fruit ;  another  from  the  West  brings 
standard  vegetables,  fruit,  poultry  and 
dairy  products.  The  buyer  has  to  travel 
back  and  forth  and  haul  the  produce  to 
the  market  direct,  where  he  sells  it  to  the 
small  dealers,  who  perhaps  haul  some  of 
it  back  again. 
A  few  cities  like  Pittsburgh  have  a  sin¬ 
gle  railroad  yard  with  room  enough  to 
place  the  cars  and  where  even  the  small 
buyer  may  come  for  a  load  and  where 
cars  may  be  re-shipped  to  smaller  mar¬ 
kets  without  shifting  them  across  the 
city.  The  result  is  that  Pittsburgh  is  one 
of  the  most  lively  of  all  citv  markets  and 
often  nets  more  to  the  shipper  than  the 
other  markets.  G.  B.  F. 
New  Jersey  Local  Grain  and  Feed  Prices 
(Supplied  by  New  Jersey  State  Department  of 
Agriculture,  Bureau  of  Markets) 
The  following  quotations  show  approxi¬ 
mate  cost  of  feed  per  ton  and  grain  per 
bushel  in  carlots,  sight  draft  basis,  de¬ 
livered  on  tracks  at  the  various  stations 
given  below.  The  quotations  are  based 
on  sales  for  transit  and  nearby  shipments 
Monday,  Nov.  19,  1923,  according  to  the 
United  States  Bureau  of  Agricultural 
Economics  co-operating.  Feed  all  in  100- 
lb.  sacks.  Figures  are  for  Belvidere.  Mil¬ 
ford,  Washington,  Ilighbridge ,  French- 
town,  Flemington.  Passaic,  Hackettstown, 
Belle  Meade.  Califon,  Lebanon,  Newton, 
Branchville,  Sussex.  Lafayette,  Hopewell. 
New  Brunswick,  Mt.  Holly,  Morristown, 
Dover,  Paterson,  Elizabeth,  Somerville, 
Newark,  Trenton,  Perth  Amboy  and 
Montclair : 
No.  2  white  oats  . . . 
No.  3  white  oats  ... 
No.  2  yellow  corn  . 
No.  3  yellow  corn  . 
Spring  bran  . 
Hard  W.  W.  bran  . . 
Spring  middlings  . . 
Red-dog  flour  . 
Dry  brewers’  grains 
Flour  middlings  .  .  . 
30%  cottonseed  meal 
43%  cottonseed  meal 
30%  linseed  meal  .  . 
34%  linseed  meal  .  . 
Per  Bu. 
. $0.53% 
. H2% 
.  1.05% 
.  1.02% 
Per  Ton. 
. $32.90 
.  33.40 
. 31.40 
.  39.90 
.  45.40 
. 35.40 
.  52.40 
.  59.40 
. 48.65 
. 49.40 
Save  Fifty  Dollars 
You  can  save  $50.00  or  more  on 
the  price  of  a 
Rib-Stone  Concrete  Stave 
SILO 
by  placing  your  order  now. 
The  time  to  buy  is  when  the  other 
fellow  wants  to  sell. 
You  want  a  Silo  next  year  ;  you  want  the 
best  SILO;  you  want  a  permanent  Silo; 
you  want  a  RIB-sTONE. 
We  want  your  Order  now  and  will  pay 
you  a  premium  for  it. 
Write  us  today  stating  the  size  you  expect 
to  buy. 
RIB-STONE  CONCRETE  CORPORATION 
2-3  Chamber  of  Commerce  Bldg.,  Batavia,  N.  Y, 
Agents  Wanted 
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For  Sale  by  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 
i 
333  WEST  30th  STREET.  NEW  YORK  CITY 
Now  that  it  has  become  known  that  30 
agricultural  colleges  are  giving  courses  in 
ice-cream  making,  might  one  be  pardoned 
for  referring  to  them  as  sundae  schools? 
— Nashville  Southern  Lumberman. 
When  you  write  advertisers  mention 
The  Rural  New-  Yorker  and  you’ll  get 
a  quick  reply  and  a  “square  deal.”  See 
guarantee  editorial  page. 
NOW  for  Winter 
Despite  shortage  of  hay  and  corn  silage  you  can 
keep  up  milk  production.  Here  is  a  feeding  plan 
that  will  do  it.  Experiment  stations  and  careful 
investigation  prove  it. 
Use  DRIED  BEET  PULP 
Instead  of  hay  or  corn  silage 
In  tests,  6  pounds  of  Dried  Beet  Pulp  have  replaced  j. 
10  pounds  of  mixed  hay.  It  costs  no  more  and  increases  ’  ... 
milk  yields  2  to  6  pounds  a  day.  In  other  tests  1  pound  of  Dried  Beet  Pulp  replaced  5  pounds  of  corn  silage.  It  pro* 
duced  10%  more  milk  and  improved  health  of  cows  There  is  big  economy  and  profit  in  feeding  Dried  Beet  Pulp. 
It  is  the  Suqar  Beet,  dried,  after  the  extraction  of  the  sugar.  It  is  a  succulent,  palatable,  nutritious  and  whole* 
some  vegetable  feed.  <4*A  Your  Feed  Dealer 
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of  powders  nor  spreading  of 
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Springfield,  Ohio 
