The  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 
1543 
Garden  and  Farm  Notes 
Garbage  for  Manure 
A  number  of  readers  ask  if  they  can 
use  family  garbage  as  fertilizer  for  a 
small  garden.  They  seem  to  think  this 
will  be  all  they  need  in  the  way  of  plant 
food.  It  would  be  more  economical  to 
feed  the  garbage  to  a  pig  or  a  small  flock 
of  hens — thus  utilizing  the  feeding  value. 
The  garbage  alone  will  sour  and  is  not 
worth  much  as  a  fertilizer.  Th.e  best 
plan  will  be  to  compost  it,  mixing  it  with 
soil,  dead  leaves,  sods  or  any  waste. 
Turn  the  pile  over  now  and  then  and  mix 
lime  with  it.  Far  better  results  will  be 
obtained  if  acid  phosphate  or  ground  bone 
can  be  mixed  with  this  compost.  If  it 
can  be  well  decayed  and  the  acid  phos¬ 
phate  added,  it  will  make  fair  manure. 
If  house  slops  can  be  poured  over  it,  so 
much  the  better. 
Disease  Resistant  Spinach  Seed  Shows 
Up  Well  in  New  Jersey 
The  Virginia  Experiment  Station  dis¬ 
ease  resisting  Savoy  spinach  has  proved 
practically  free  from  yellows  or  mosaic 
on  the  New  Jersey  Experiment  Station’s 
plots  at  Richfield,  N.  J.  In  a  test  of 
various  varieties  this  seed  showed  less 
than  1  per  cent  of  yellows  or  mosaic, 
while  other  varieties  were  from  G  per 
cent  to  24  per  cent  diseased.  A  large 
block  of  this  variety  in  fertilizer  plots 
was  free  from  the  disease,  while  many 
growers  in  the  Richfield  section  who  used 
the  ordinary  Savoy  spinach  seed  com¬ 
plained  of  poor  color  in  their  crop  from 
yellows. 
Spinach  yellows,  or  mosaic,  is  a  disease 
of  the  Fall  crop,  appearing  first  on  the 
younger  leaves,  which  are  mottled  with 
yellow  and  much  twisted.  Later  the  older 
leaves  also  are  mottled,  and  eventually 
the  plant  dies.  The  disease  is  very  in¬ 
fectious,  and  the  small  spots  which  first 
appear  in  the  field  enlarge  and  spread 
over  the  entire  area.  Yellowing  froar 
other  causes  often  occurs  in  New  Jersey, 
such  as  wet  weather,  drought,  or  lack  of 
cultivation,  but  this  usually  attacks  the 
older  leaves  first. 
This  disease  resistant  Savoy  is  a  slower 
grower  than  the  ordinary  Savoy,  and 
should  be  planted  one  or  two  weeks 
earlier.  Moreover,  the  variety  is  not  im¬ 
mune  to  all  diseases,  some  damping  off  as 
a  result  of  a  prolonged  wet  spell  being 
observed  on  it  the  past  year. 
HOWARD  F.  HUBER. 
New  Jersey  Experiment  Station. 
Raspberry  Inspection  in  New  York 
I  have  one  acre  of  one-year-old  Co¬ 
lumbian  purple  raspberries  which  are  in 
fine  condition.  From  these  I  laid  down 
about  14,000  sets.  I  could  sell  these  for 
$18  per  1,000  provided  they  were  in¬ 
spected,  which  is  a  new  law  that  went 
into  effect  during  the  season,  I  am  told. 
I  did  not  know  this  at  the  time  I  put 
down  my  berries.  There  was  no  inspec¬ 
tor  to  see  my  berries,  although  there 
have  been  some  around  here  for  that 
work.  I  come  to  you  for  light  and  advice. 
1.  Is  it  true  that  it  is  against  the  law 
to  sell  berry  sets  from  a  patch  of  berries 
not  inspected?  What  would  be  the  fine? 
Who  does  the  work  of  inspection?  Is  it 
too  late  this  season?  J. 
Marion,  N.  Y. 
Order  No.  23  from  the  New  York  De¬ 
partment  of  Farms  and  Markets  reads  in 
part :  “It  is  hereby  ordered  that  no 
raspberry  plants  (tips  or  roots)  shall  be 
sold,  shipped  or  transported  from  any 
nursery,  field  or  plantation  within  this 
State  except  only  from  such  places  as 
have  been  properly  inspected  and  certi¬ 
fied,  under  regulations  of  the  department, 
as  substantially  free  from  disease,  and 
accompanied  by  an  authorized  certificate 
of  inspection  issued  by  the  Department 
of  Farms  and  Markets.  All  persons  in 
the  State  of  New  York  who  desire  to 
propagate  plants  of  raspberries  for  sale 
must  make  application  for  inspection  and 
certification  prior  to  June  1,  1923,  and 
must  comply  with  the  orders  of  the  com¬ 
missioner  or  his  agents,  and  no  certificate 
shall  be  issued  for  the  sale  or  transpor¬ 
tation  of  plants  not  grown  under  these 
regulations.”  The  law  says  that  the 
maximum  penalty  for  each  offense  shall 
be  $200,  and  that  in  the  case  of  continued 
disregard  of  the  law  each  day  shall  con¬ 
stitute  a  new  offense.  The  inspection  is 
done  by  State  Inspectors  from  the  New 
York  Department  of  Farms  and  Markets, 
Albany,  N.  Y.  There  should  have  been 
two  inspections,  one  made  during  June 
and  the  other  some  time  between  July 
15  and  August  15.  It  is  impossible  to 
make  inspections  late  in  the  season — cer¬ 
tainly  after  the  leaves  are  gone. 
The  Department  of  Farms  and  Mar¬ 
kets  has  been  very  gracious  in  the  first 
year  of  enforcement  of  this  law.  Any¬ 
one  selling  any  nursery  stock,  including 
raspberries,  in  New  York  State  is  re¬ 
quired  to  attach  a  certificate  of  inspec¬ 
tion  to  each  shipment.  This  law  has 
been  in  effect  for  years,  and  anyone  who 
had  asked  for  such  inspection  in  pre¬ 
vious  years  or  during  the  season  of.  1923 
was  sent  a  notice  of  the  new  quarantine 
relative  to  raspberry  diseases.  As  has 
already  been  noted,  application  for  in¬ 
spection  should  have  been  made  prior  to 
June  1,  though  the  Department  was  very 
liberal  in  permitting  applications  to  be 
filed  for  a  considerable  period  after  this 
date. 
The  only  recourse  is  to  plant  out  the 
tips  and  have  them  properly  inspected 
next  season  for  sale  in  the  following  year 
as  one-year-old  plants.  h.  b.  t. 
Seeding  for  Old  Meadow 
Would  you  give  me  your  advice  re¬ 
garding  a  large  meadow  on  my  place  at 
Dobbs  Ferry?  It  has  not  been  cultivat¬ 
ed  for  years,  and  I  have  just  had  it 
plowed.  Inasmuch  as  I  have  a  few  cows, 
I  thought  of  planting  it  in  buckwheat, 
and  then  later  in  Alfalfa.  Should  it  now 
be  covered  with  manure  or  fertilizer? 
Which  is  the  best  kind,  and  what  quan¬ 
tity  should  be  put  down  per  acre?  H.  G. 
New  York. 
If  you  want  a  crop  of  hay  or  green  fod¬ 
der,  we  would  not  advise  buckwheat.  That 
will  give  you  a  grain  crop,  but  no  hay. 
We  should  sow  oats  and  Canada  peas  in 
early  Spring,  as  we  have  often  advised. 
Seed  them  together  as  early  in  the  Spring 
as  the  soil  is  fit.  Cut  this  crop  iii  early 
July  for  hay,  and  then  plow  and  fit  the 
land  for  Alfalfa.  We  should  use  eight  or 
10  tons  of  manure  per  acre,  or  if  you 
have  no  manure,  about  GOO  lbs.  of  some 
good  fertilizer.  Harrow  this  well  into 
the  soil  and  then  use  1,000  lbs.  of  lime 
per  acre. 
Propagating  Quinces  from  Seed 
Will  you  give  me  the  proper  treatment 
of  quince  seeds  in  order  that  I  may  start 
seedlings  from  them?  I  wish  to  develop 
the  quince  roots,  and  later  bud  for  dwarf 
pears.  I  know  these  can  be  purchased 
cheaper,  but  I  want  to  do  the  experi¬ 
mental  work  myself.  Last  Fall  I  put  out 
some  of  the  quince  seeds  in  a  flat  in  sand, 
outdoors,  so  they  were  stratified  all  Win¬ 
ter.  Others  of  the  same  seed  I  allowed 
to  dry.  Both  were  planted  in  the  open 
ground  when  the  weather  was  warm  in 
the  Spring  but  I  failed  to  get  one  ger¬ 
mination.  Would  you  put  the  seed  into 
the  ground  this  Fall  and  try  that? 
Uxbridge,  Mass.  M.  P.  s. 
Quinces  are  usually  propagated  from 
cuttings  or  by  mound-layering,  though 
they  may  be  propagated  from  seed.  The 
seed  should  be  handled  much  the  same  as 
apple  seed,  that  is,  it  must  be  kept  under 
cool,  moist  conditions  for  six  to  ten 
weeks  prior  to  planting.  Ordinarily 
quite  successful  results  are  obtained 
from  either  Fall  planting  or  from  strati¬ 
fying  out  of  doors  as  you  did.  Try  plac¬ 
ing  them  in  the  ice  compartment  of  the 
refrigerator  or  in  the  icehouse  for  two 
or  three  months  before  planting  time. 
II.  B.  T. 
Grapevines  Fail  to  Bear 
A  neighbor  has  a  number  of  grape¬ 
vines.  For  the  past  few  years  lie  has 
been  unable  to  get  °  good  fruit  yield, 
though  the  vines  are  strong  and  vigorous. 
Last  February,  instead  of  trimming  them 
himself,  as  usual,  he  engaged  an  expert 
grape  trimmer ;  the  result,  as  before,  a 
great  quantity  of  vine  and  foliage,  with 
little  fruitage.  This  man  uses  chicken 
manure  fertilizer,  two  or  three  full  pails 
around  each  vine,  top-dressing  once  a 
year.  Is  this  the  reason  for  an  excess  of 
vine  and  leaves,  with  few  grapes?  The 
grapevines  are  planted  along  a  trellis, 
spaced  from  one  and  three-fourths  to  two 
yards  apart,  and  are  of  usual  varieties. 
Are  they  planted  too  close?  h.  m.  l. 
New  York. 
The  failure  of  the  neighbor’s  vines  to 
produce  a  good  crop  of  grapes  is  undoubt¬ 
edly  due  in  this  instance  to  excessive 
stimulation  of  wood  growth  through  the 
use  of  such  quantities  of  poultry  manure. 
This  over-stimulation  has  often  been 
done,  not  alone  by  the  amateur,  but  in 
many  instances  commercial  growers  have 
done  this  to  the  extreme  in  their  desire  to 
bring  about  large  yields.  It  will  be  well 
to  withhold  all  nitrogen  fertilizers  for  a 
season  or  two.  and  to  apply  acid  phos¬ 
phate  about  the  vines  at  the  rate  of  300 
lbs.  per  acre.  Also  it  is  advisable  to 
leave  more  fruiting  wood  at  the  pruning 
this  season.  The  vines  are  planted  rather 
closely  for  best  results,  especially  in  view 
of  the  fact  that  they  are  growing  exces¬ 
sively.  F.  E.  .G. 
The  Vicar:  “So  you  like  the  country? 
Are  your  hens  good  lavers?”  Mabel 
(fresh  from  town):  “Topping!  They 
haven’t  laid  a  bad  egg  yet !” — Passing 
Show. 
A  Dormant  Spray 
Sunoco  Spray  Oil  has  been 
tested  byexperimental  stations 
and  expert  fruit  growers,  with 
remarkable  results.  It  forms 
an  even  film  that  enters  every 
crevice.  You  get  complete 
control  over  scale  insects,  red 
spider,  leaf-roller,  aphis,  thrips 
and  other  pests  that  over¬ 
winter  on  trees.  Sunoco  (one 
part  to  18  or  20  parts  of  water) 
is  recommended  as  a  dormant 
spray. 
Here’s  the  spray 
that  you  have  been 
looking  for 
You’ll  want  to  know  about  this  latest 
development  in  spray  oils.  This  oil 
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less.  F or  use  as  a  dormant  or  a  sum¬ 
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oil  that  mixes  with  any  water,  and 
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does  it  deteriorate  from  season  to 
season,  or  freeze  unless  mixed.  No 
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is  necessary  to  make  a  permanent 
emulsion ;  vigorous  stirring  does  it. 
SUNOCO 
SELF-EMULSIFYING 
SPRAY  OIL 
A  Summer  Spray 
For  aphis,  red  spider,  thrips,  young 
scale,  etc.,  use  one  part  of  Sunoco  to 
50  parts  of  water  or  Bordeaux  mix¬ 
ture.  Sunoco  emulsions  resist  severe 
weather  and  the  washing  action  of 
rain.  Sunoco  with  one  part  to  150 
or  200  parts  of  Bordeaux  mixture  or 
nicotine  solutions  (with  or  without  ' 
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Here  is  a  new  and  wonderful  product  which 
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Send  the  coupon  for  full  in  formation 
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sole  leather,  heavy  out- 
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Outwears  leather  two  to 
one.  Easily  resoled.  Rubber 
heel.  Many  customers  wear 
them  for  two  years  and  longer. 
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Dept.  19  683  Atlantic  Ave.  Boston,  Mass. 
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Advise  requirements  for  quotations 
FERTILIZERS 
We  are  now  booking  orders  for 
Winter  and  Spring  delivery. 
“Croxton  Brand'* 
Commercial  mixtures  and  raw  ma¬ 
terials.  Special  prices  on  carload  lots. 
SULPHATE  OF  AMMONIA,  ACID  PHOS¬ 
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The  early  buyer  buys  right  and  at  the 
right  price.  Take  advantage  of  present 
low  prices  and  insure  yourself  against 
advance  when  demand  is  larger. 
FACTORY  PRICES 
IV.  J.  FERTILIZER  &  CHEMICAL  CO. 
40  Rector  Street,  New  York 
4'/2% 
Safe  as  a  good  farm  mortgage 
and  far  more  convenient 
Federal  Farm  LoanBonds 
Interest  Sure— Readily  Salable— Safe— Tax-free 
• 
These  Bonds  are  equivalent  to  first  mortgages  on  improved 
farms  in  New  England,  NewYork  and  Newjersey — all  cultivated 
by  their  owners.  The  twelve  powerful  Federal  Land  Banks  gut  t- 
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amounts  of  $40,  $100,  $500,  $1000  and  up.  For  details  write  to 
The  FEDERAL  LAND  BANK  of  SPRINGFIELD,  MASS. 
