Index 
497 
plorations after conquest, 211, 214, 465, 469, 
47i> 475, 479-483; Oñate’s preparations, 
warrant, character of men, inspection, sup¬ 
plies and equipment, 198, 227-229, 295, 301, 
377, 417-435; Oñate’s renewed authoriza¬ 
tion, 203, 206, 345, 349, 403; Philip III.’s 
interest and support, 213, 215; Ponce de 
Leon’s contract, and special authorizations, 
200-202, 305-343; Ponce de Leon’s propos¬ 
als, modification, compared with Oñate’s, 
199-200, 281-299, 303; Ponce de Leon’s re¬ 
versal, 202, 203, 345-349; relief expedition, 
215, 467, 473, 477, 479, 483; revival of in¬ 
terest, 193, 194; Río Conchos route, 16; 
Rodriguez’s expedition, 193; services of 
various of Oñate’s officers, 417-423, 435- 
439, 463-483; southern boundary, 208; Ur- 
diñola’s proposals, 195, 221, 301; Velasco 
on requirements for leader of expedition, 
221 
New Spain, audiencia, powers, 21; audiencia 
government, 8; basis of. northern expan¬ 
sion, 10; Cortés’s expedition, conquest, 5, 
6; elements of administration, 19; encomi¬ 
enda system, 27; erected, Cortés’s commis¬ 
sion, 7; exploration of eastern coast, 5; 
exploration of western coast, 9; indepen¬ 
dence of New Mexico, 196, 197, 247, 269, 
271, 289, 309, 317, 343, 405; neglect of 
northern exploration, 7; Pánuco settlement, 
5, 7; provinces, 8; reports concerning par¬ 
ticipants in conquest, 31, 41, 65; residencia 
of Cortés, 8; split up, 8, 10; Velasco on 
conditions (1595), 219, 221; viceroy, powers 
and duties, 22-24; vice-royalty and audien¬ 
cia, 9; western and southern exploration, 7, 
8; see also Church; Explorations; Indians; 
Mining; Settlements 
Nicaragua, exploration, 4; independent juris¬ 
diction, 10 
Nicuesa, Diego de, attempted settlement, ex¬ 
iled, 3 
Nieto, Pedro, evidence, 47 
Nieto de Avalos, Juan, petition for office based 
on ancestor’s services, 57, 59 
Nieto de Santillana, Anna, evidence, 51 
Nieves mine, 15 
Niño, Andrés, exploration, 4 
Niza, Fray Marcos de, reconnaissance and re¬ 
port, 11 
Nobility, in Oñate’s and Ponce de Leon’s con¬ 
tracts, 239, 241, 277, 279, 287, 297, 319, 343; 
Laws of Settlement on, 277 
Nochistlan, rock in Mixton war, 43 
Nombre de Dios, Mexico, founding, 15; Oñate’s 
muster at, 421, 423 
Nombre de Dios, Panamá, isthmian road ter¬ 
minus, 86; negro insurrection, 39 
Nuestra Señora de Zacatecas, see Zacatecas 
Nueva Galicia, agreement on encomiendas in, 
95-101; aid to friars, 93, 95; Luna y Arel¬ 
lano, governor, 49; mines and northern ex¬ 
tension, 15; Mixton war, 13, 43, 45, 87, 
139; Nueva Vizcaya detached, 15; provin¬ 
cial audiencia, 15; reconcentration of In¬ 
dians, 101, 103; safeguarding roads, 105; 
salt question, crown monopoly, 93.; ser¬ 
vices of Ofíate, 227; see also Chichimecas 
Nueva Vizcaya, and New Mexico, 113, 115, 
194; and Ponce de Leon’s proposals, 200, 
297, 337; audiencia, powers, presidency, 21; 
charges against officials, 117, 119; condi¬ 
tion of encomiendas, in, 119; erected, min¬ 
ing development, 15, 16, hi, 113; extent, 
17; Franciscans in, maintenance, 105, 107; 
military power of viceroy, 23; negroes and 
Indians, in; prelate for, 109, 121; royal 
fifth and duties, 109, 113, 115; royal order 
on Jesuits and Franciscans, 121; salt work¬ 
ing, 103 
Nuevo León, and Florida, 19; claim to New 
Mexico, 193; encomiendas in, 277, 484; 
erected, extent, development, 18 
Núñez, Alonzo, age, 473 ; in Oñate’s expedition, 
evidence, 473-477 
Núñez Cabeza de Vaca, Alvar, see Cabeza de 
Vaca 
Núñez de Balboa, Vasco, see Balboa 
Núñez Morquecho, Diego, oidor, hearing be¬ 
fore, 441-461 
Oaxaca, founding, 35 
Officers, civil, appointment in Oñate’s and Ponce 
de Leon’s contracts, 243, 245, 249, 267, 269, 
287, 313, 331, 333, 337; power to name ex¬ 
peditionary, 239, 265, 287, 319, 323; prefer¬ 
ence in appointment, 67, 125, 337; purchase, 
25, 115-119, 223; Velasco on appointments, 
223; see also Administration; Salaries 
Oidores, 21 
Ojeda, Alonso de, attempted settlement, 3 
Old Santa Fé, 194m 
Olid, Cristóbal de, exploration, 7; in Honduras, 
8 
Oñate, Alonso de [1], captain of viceroy’s 
guard, 443, 445, 449, 453, 455, 459 
Oñate, Alonso de [2], as agent in Spain, 213, 
405, 407, 411 
Oñate, Cristóbal de [1], 443, 447, 455, 4591 
services, 43, 45, 87, 227, 484 
Oñate, Cristóbal de [2], and brother’s expedi¬ 
tion, 245, 445, 453 
Oñate, Cristóbal de [3], as governor in New 
Mexico, 215 
Oñate, Fernando de [1], and brother’s expedi¬ 
tion, 245, 443, 445, 453, 457, 461; family, 
441, 445, 449, 451, 455, 459; services, 441- 
445, 449, 45L 455, 459 
Oñate, Fernando de [2], hearing on family, 
character, and services, 215, 441-463 
Oñate, Juan de, advance across Rio Grande, 
207-210, 395, 397; age, 467; agency to Spain, 
re-enforcements, 212-214, 401-413;.and de¬ 
serting colonists, 212; and indemnification, 
385; and Monterey, mutual attitude, 207, 
209, 267, 271, 301, 395; at Rio de las Nazas, 
198; character, fitness, 257, 301, 357, 369, 
389; character of men,. 198, 295, 301, 377; 
charges against, investigation, resignation, 
212-215, 411-417; check to expedition, atti¬ 
tude during, 199-204, 303, 321, 335, 351-367, 
377, 379, 391; conquest, 210; contest with 
Ponce de León over governorship, 196-207; 
contract, Monterey’s modifications, 196, 
225-257, 265-279, 389; danger of dispersion 
of force, fear of results, 204, 357-363, 383* 
