92 — 
bock and Curtis. More recent researches by Carpenter have 
shown that they do considerable harm to the roots of plants, to 
seedlings, etc. 
A number of species (22) have been found to do harm, including 
species of the genera Sminthurus, Lipura, Achorutes, Entomo- 
brva, Orchisella, Podara, Isotoma, Templetonia and Degeeria. 
Some recent serious damage in Britain to currants, apple and potato 
has been traced to Sminthurus luteus Lubbock, the leaves being 
eaten in small patches and the result being small stunted and 
deformed growths. 
Another Sminthurus has been found to do considerable harm 
to the foliage of dwarf beans, peas, turnips, asparagus and maize 
in Britain. 
A species of Templetonia has also been attacking the roots of 
the strawberry, and in one case a considerable acreage of hops was 
badly damaged by an Entomobrya (E. nivalis). 
The Lipura damage roots of plants. Achorutes have been doing- 
much harm to mushrooms as well as cabbage and roots. 
Various experiments were conducted to destroy these Aptera on 
currants, and it was found that spraying with arsenate of lead or 
nicotine wash destroyed those on the foliage, but that it was 
essentia] to spray the soil also with paraffin emulsion or treat it 
with a heavy dressing of lime and soot at the same time. Various 
other methods have been adopted for other attacks. (Voi. 11 , 
némoires, p. 1.) 
M. le D 1 T. A. Dixey (Oxford). 
Asked whether the different ways in which different plants 
suffered under the attacks of Sminthurus were attributable to 
histological differences in the plant tissues. 
M. F. V. Theobald’s reply was in the affirmative. 
M. R. Trimen (Woking). 
Asked the lecturer, whether one dose of the remedies found 
effective against the ravages of the Sminthurus and other Collem- 
bola would be sufficient to effect complete destruction of the 
Insects in all stages, including the ova, or whether repeated doses 
would be required from time to time. 
