24 the INFLUENCE OF GRENVILLE ON PITT’S FOREIGN POLICY. 
crown, appears to him the best mode of accomplishing these just and 
* salutary views. ’ * * * * § * 
Grenville used monarchy as a rallying cry ; Pitt asserted that it 
would be the best solution of difficulties in France. But in the docu¬ 
ment of neither does monarchy appear as ‘ ‘ the only system in the 
re-establishment of which we are disposed to concur,” nor, indeed, is 
there any mention of the restoration of the “ ancient judicature.” 
Grenville’s foresight had in truth saved Pitt from a serious tactical 
blunder. Had England issued a declaration upon the lines originally 
proposed by Pitt, the government would have been forced but a little 
later to the humiliation of pleading a secret reservation, in the terms 
of an energetic public document, or would have found itself com¬ 
pelled to maintain an absolute bar to any peace negotiation. England 
had declared her opinion that monarchy was best suited to France, yet 
she was not pledged to support that form of government alone. Burke 
and the ultra-royalists were indignant at the declarations made,f but 
the allies were satisfied, and indeed so strong was the impression abroad 
that England had specified monarchy as an essential to peace that 
nearly every continental historian has stated it as a fact.J In Parlia¬ 
ment itself the opposition constantly harped upon the same theme, 
though Sheridan was frank enough to admit that no pledge had been 
given,§ and in every debate upon this topic up to 1797 it is noteworthy 
that the arguments of Fox and others were invariably based upon the 
Toulon declaration and not upon Grenville’s manifesto. Pitt, at first 
l apologetically, later triumphantly, denied the implied pledge, and was 
able to support his arguments by a reference to the strict letter of the 
documents. For this he had Grenville to thank. Thus at the vety-. 
_ 
* Pari. Hist., XXX, 1060. 
| Burke wrote to Grenville October 27, 1793, asking to be heard on the manifesto, 
but was too late, for it had already been sent to the foreign powers. Dropmore, 
II, 450. Sir Gilbert Elliot temporarily alienated Burke at this time by acquiescing 
in the ministerial policy and accepting the mission to Toulon. Burke regarded the 
royalists as abandoned. Burke to Elliot, Sept. 22, 1793. Elliot, II, 169, 403. 
Elliot himself wished more favor shown to the royalists and desired Monsieur to 
come to Toulon to raise the royalist standard. Elliot to Dundas, no date, and 
Elliot to Lady Elliot, June 1, 1797. Ibid., 189, 403. This proposal was, however, 
thwarted by Grenville through the agency of Malmesbury and the Comtesse de 
Balbi. Grenville to Malmesbury, Dec. 9, 1793. Dropmore, II, 476. Malmesbury 
to Comtesse de Balbi, Dec. 27, 1793. Malmesbury, III, 32 ; Sorel, III, 503. 
t Sorel falls into this error. In discussing the Vendean risings, he interprets the 
manifesto of October 29, 1793, to mean that England will insist on a restoration of 
constitutional monarchy. Sorel’s sources on this subject are all French or Aus¬ 
trian. Ibid., 500-503. 
§ Pari. Hist., XXX, 1226, Jan. 21, 1794. 
