23 
WAR WITH FRANCE. 
^ - ^ 
information supplied him by Mile^*^ Grenville stoutly resisted the line 
of policy proposed, and his objections were so far effective that Pitt 
yielded the main point, though still clinging to the “ancient judica¬ 
ture ” clause.f The result was in some sense a compromise, in which 
monarchy in France was given a greater prominence than was desired 
by Grenville, but was distinctly not stipulated as an essential to peace. 
This was the solution for both the general manifesto and the Toulon 
declaration, though the latter, drafted by Pitt, was much more em¬ 
phatic in favor of the restoration of monarchy than was the former. 
The two documents well illustrate the temper of mind of the two leading 
English statesmen at the time. Grenville’s manifesto was published 
October 29, 1793. In regard to the government of France, it stated : 
“ The King demands that some legitimate and stable government 
should be established, founded on the acknowledged principles of uni¬ 
versal justice, and capable of maintaining w T ith other powers the ac¬ 
customed relations of union and peace. His Majesty wishes ardently 
to be enabled to treat for the reestablishment of general tranquillity 
with such a government, exercising a legal and permanent authority, 
animated with the wish for general tranquillity, and possessing power 
to enforce the observance of its engagements. * It is for 
these objects that he calls upon them [the people of France] to join 
the standard of an hereditary monarchy ; not for the purpose of decid¬ 
ing, in this moment of disaster, calamity, and public danger, on all 
the modifications of which this form of government may hereafter be 
susceptible, but in order to unite themselves once more under the 
empire of law, of morality, and of religion * * * $ 
The Toulon declaration of November 20, 1793, said : 
“ His Majesty ardently wishes the happiness of France, but by no 
means desires, on that account, to prescribe the form of its government,” 
but “ His Majesty does not hesitate to declare that the reestablishment 
of monarchy, in the person of Eouis XVII and the lawful heirs of the 
* Miles had considerable influence as a public writer and was occasionally em¬ 
ployed by Pitt in that capacity. He was apparently thoroughly honest, but since 
his employment abroad by Pitt in 1787 and in 1790 he had grown to consider him¬ 
self as an important ex-officio adviser of the government. Pitt evidently believed 
him possessed of unusual means of information about France. On September 16, 
1793, Miles wrote to Pitt urging the printing and distribution in France of Hood’s 
proclamation of August 28 announcing that Toulon had been taken in trust for 
Louis XVII. Miles, II, 101. The authority of Miles for exact statements must, 
however, be taken with great caution. He was one of those conscientiously argu¬ 
mentative persons who are always in the right. His perfect sincerity renders it 
doubly difficult to distinguish between the true and the false, 
f Pitt to Grenville, Oct. 11, 1793. Dropmore, II, 443. 
%Parl. Hist., XXX, 1057-1060. 
