CHAPTER XII. 
OTHER ADVERBIAL USES OF THE INFINITIVE. 
Besides denoting purpose and specification (with Adjectives), the infinitive 
in Anglo-Saxon is occasionally used to denote other adverbial relationships: 
(A) Cause; (B) Specification with Verbs; (C) Result; and (D) Absoluteness. 
Possible examples of an infinitive denoting (E) Condition and (F) Manner, 
are given at the end of this chapter. 
In each of these uses, the infinitive that is active in form seems to me active 
in sense with the possible exception of the absolute infinitives, to metanne wi& 
and to gesettanne wi&: see D below. 
A. THE CAUSAL INFINITIVE. 
With a few verbs denoting emotion the infinitive is occasionally used to 
denote the Cause of the emotion. The little that has been written about this 
use of the infinitive in Anglo-Saxon is referred to under the specific examples. 
At this place I need to quote only the statement of Matzner, who, l. c., Ill, 
p. 40, in speaking of the inflected infinitive of cause after verbs of emotion in 
Modern and in Middle English, declares: “ Im Ags. trifft man nichts Ent- 
sprechendes.” While some of my examples are doubtful, I think those with 
the inflected infinitive (especially after forsceamigan ) are less doubtful than 
those with the simple infinitive. I give all the clearer examples that I have 
observed: — 
( 1 ) The Uninflected Infinitive: 
cearian, care: 
Gen. 2279: Ne ceara bu feor heonon fleame, dcelan somwist incre (or objec¬ 
tive?).— lb. 2733: Ne ceara incit duguba of bisse ebeltyrf ellor secan wdnas 
uncube, ac wuniab her (or objective?). [Cf. Matzner, l. c., Ill, p. 40, who 
also seems in doubt as to whether to consider the infinitive here as objective 
or as causal.] 
gefeon, rejoice, delight: 
Bede 484.15: mynstres, on bam ic gefeo Siowian bsere uplican arfaestnesse 
= 359.13: in quo supernae pietati deseruire gaudeo. — lb. 478.32: sibbe 7 sob- 
fsestnesse mid . . . Godes ciricean gifecS (= gifeh&) dselnimende beon = 351.7: 
pacis ac ueritatis cum universali ecclesia particeps existere gaudet. [Dr. Kenyon, 
l. c., p. 69, cites this example, and adds: “ Gefeon takes the simple infinitive, 
but it may as well be complementary as causal in conception. I find in Wiilfing 
no cases of the prepositional infinitive that can be distinctly treated as causal.”] 
gelustfullian, rejoice in: 
Mlf. L. S. XXIII B. 535: ic gewilnode baes wines on bam ic ser gelustfullode 
to oferdruncennysse brucan. 
lustfullian, rejoice in: 
Bede 432.32: ic lustfullede bsere stowe swetnesse 7 wlite, be ic bser geseah, 
7 eac somod bara gemaenan 7 eadignesse brucan, be ic on bsere stowe sceawade 
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