222 SOME SUBSTITUTES FOR THE INFINITIVE IN ANGLO-SAXON. 
Strong, too, was the influence of the appositive participle of words denot¬ 
ing motion used with verbs of motion, as in L. 2.16: And hig efstende comon 
= Et venerunt festinantes; Mat. 14.25: Da com se Hselend embe bone feorban 
hancred to him, ofer ba sse gangende = venit ad eos ambulans super mare; 
Chron. 204 ra , 1069 D b : / heom com bar togenes Eadgar cild ... 7 ealle ba 
landleoden ridende j gangende mid unmsetan here swibe fsegengende. How 
easily these appositive participles of motion may become predicative in func¬ 
tion is easily seen by comparing with the sentence just quoted from the Chronicle 
such sentences as the following, in which the participle is clearly predicative: 
Mlf. L. S. 396.206: Da com him gangende to se godes witega helias; ibid. 
408.412: him com gangende to godes witega isaias; — JElf. Horn. II. 134 b 1 : 
him com ba ridende to sum arwurbe ridda; Mlj. Horn. I. 466*: bser com ba 
fleogende Godes engel scinende swa swa sunne; — Mlj. L. S. XXXI. 1043: Heo 
com ba yrnende mid egeslicum eagum, with which compare Mlj. L. S. XXXI. 
1039: ba com bser fserlice yrnan an bearle wod cu. 
Of no small weight, finally, was the predicative use of present participles not 
denoting motion after verbs of motion, as in Mat. 11.18 a * b : Soblice Iohannes 
com ne etende ne drincende = Venit enim Joannes neque manducans neque bibens, 
— a locution almost invariably borrowed from the Latin of the Gospels; — J. 9.7: 
He for and bwoh hine, and com geseonde = Abiit ergo, et lavit, et venit videns. 
Substantially the same evolution from infinitive to participle has taken place 
in the other Germanic languages. Examples of the predicative use of the in¬ 
finitive after verbs of motion and of rest will be given in Chapter XVI. Here 
I merely give a few examples of the predicative participle in the nominative 
after verbs of motion:—* 
Gothic: I have found no examples in Gering or in Grimm; and Dr. A. 
Kohler declares that the idiom is not found in Gothic. 
Scandinavian: Messrs. Falk and Torp, l. c., p. 218, write as follows: “ Til 
koma og fara fpies i oldnorsk praesens particip for at betegne bevaegelsens art: 
pa komu par fljugandi hrafnar tveir. Ligedan i det senere sprog ved ‘ komme 7 : 
kommse lpbendiss (Mand.); komme ridende, roende. Ogsaa perfektum parti- 
cipium synes i aeldre tid — vistnok efter tysk mpnster (er kam gegangen) — 
at kunne anvendes saaledes: tha kom the in gongen (K. Magn.); oc Roland 
kom standen paa iorden (ib.).” — See, too, Grimm, l. c., IV, p. 9. 
Old High German: Notker, I. 75.22: Tanne cham der uictor fone uige 
ritende in curru; Rol. 7129: Ther kuninc Marsilie kom fliehende etc. 1 
Middle High German: Eneide 4219: Vliende skiet he dannen met den 
bloden mannen; Engelhard 5345: Der brunne luter und kalt gienc ruschende 
unde klingende . 2 
Old Saxon: Hel. 4965: huarbondi geng forth. — Ib. 5962: thuo quam im 
thar thie belago tuo gangandi godes suno (or appositive?). 3 
Be the cause of this substitution of the predicative participle of motion 
after verbs of motion for the predicative infinitive of motion after verbs of 
motion what it may, that such an evolution actually took place in Anglo-Saxon 
is conclusively proved by a brief survey of the statistics of the construction of 
the predicative participle of motion with verbs of motion. 
1 From Crenshaw, l. c., p. 36. Cf. Cocking, l. c., p. 8; Rick, l. c., pp. 28-31; K. Meyer, l. c., pp. 29, 43. 
2 From Crenshaw, l. c., p. 37. 3 From Pratje, l. c., p. 76. 
