OTHER ADVERBIAL USES OF THE INFINITIVE. 
261 
20.163: thu hist al honer, in sunton giboraner , thu unsih thanne bredigon = 1 du 
(bist) einer, welcher uns zurechtweisen konnte (um uns zlIrechtzuweisen). , ” 
(2) Examples of the inflected infinitive are: Murb. H. 12.1: unsih za petonne 
cruazzit = nos ad orandum provocat; 1 — Aug. serm. 33.8: manot unsih za for- 
stantanne — admonet nos intelligere; 2 — Denkm. lvi. 70: ci gigehanne ginotames 
= confiteri compellimur. 2 
Says O. Erdmann, 1 l. c., p. 213: “ Ohne dass die Bedeutung des Verbums 
wesentlich ist, schliesst sich nicht selten zi mit Inf. als freiere consecutive oder 
finale Ausfiihrung an den Inhalt des ganzen Satzes an.” Of the several ex¬ 
amples given by him, the following seem to me consecutive: IV, 13.24: mit thir 
bin ih . . . in karkari zi faranne joh dothes ouh zi koronne = 1 bis zu Kerker 
und Tod; ’ V, 16.35: zeichono eigit ir gewalt zi wirkenne ubar woroltlant == 1 so 
dass ihr sie wirken konnet/ 
Professor Wilmanns, l. c., p. 127, gives a few examples of the consecutive 
inflected infinitive in Middle High German, and states that the idiom does not 
survive in New High German: “ Fremder ist uns der Inf. mit zu geworden, wo 
er die Wirkung bezeichnet; z. B. Er. 5586: im ze sehenne er in sluoc , so dass er 
es sah; Gudr. 499.3: daz man des fiuwers wint sluoc uz herten helmen ze sehenne 
schoenen frouwen, so dass sie es sehen konnten; Nib. 382.3: sin solden da nihi 
sten denfremden an ze sehenne.” Dr. Monsterberg-Miinckenau, 1 1. c., pp. 77-104, 
gives an extended treatment of the consecutive use of the infinitive in the epics 
of Hartmann von Aue, but includes under his general heading, 1 ‘Der Infinitiv 
der Richtung,” a number of uses that are otherwise classified by the standard 
grammars, for example, the infinitive with auxiliaries and the infinitive with 
impersonal verbs. 
Dr. Pratje, l. c., p. 73, cites what he considers an example of the consecutive 
inflected infinitive in Old Saxon: “ Auch schliesst sich, wie bei Otfrid (vgl. 
Erdmann, I, § 351), ein Infinitiv als freiere konsekutive Ausfiihrung an den 
Inhalt des ganzen Satzes an: uuarth im giuuendid thuo hugi an herten after 
thero heri Judeonno te uuerkeanne iro uuillion, 5471.” 
It seems to me that in most of the foregoing examples the consecutive infini¬ 
tive is a native development of the infinitive after verbs calling for an accusative 
infinitive (when uninflected) or for a dative infinitive or a prepositional phrase 
(when inflected), in the latter case, however, somewhat influenced, in Old High 
German at least, by the presence in the original of gerund and gerundive con¬ 
structions. The infinitive of result preceded by swaswe and by swaei in Gothic, 
however, is in direct imitation 3 of the Greek consecutive infinitive preceded 
by wore. 
D. THE ABSOLUTE INFINITIVE. 
Of the absolute use of the infinitive in Gothic, I have not found a clear example. 
Messrs. Falk and Torp, l. c., pp. 208-209, give several examples of the ab¬ 
solute infinitive in the Scandinavian languages: “ Den absolute infinitiv, hvis 
subjekt er den talende eller et ubestemt ‘man/ fpies til det hele udsagn: fyrst 
at segja fra 08ni (for nu fprst at tale om Odin); nw at tale om thenne artikel 
(P. Elies.); med faa ord at sige (Abs. Ped.); kort at sige (Holb.); sandt at sige; 
atsige, hvis du pnsker det; efter udseendet at dpmme; vel at merke; (for) ikke 
at tale om.” They then give a short paragraph on the elliptical use of the in- 
1 From Denecke, l. c., p. 59. 2 Ibidem, p. 66. 
See the references given in the second footnote on p. 260 above. 
