THE PASSIVE INFINITIVE. 
271 
ongietan, tellan, wenan; and (ee) verbs of declaring: cwedan, foresecgan, ondettan , 
secgan. 
( c ) With accusative subject, as object, inflected, after (act) verbs of causing 
and permitting: don( ?); ( bb ) verbs of mental perception: Iceran; (cc ) verbs of 
declaring: foresecgan(?) ; and (dd) in L. 1.73: hyne us to syllane bone ab. 
(d) With accusative subject, as subject, uninflected except sporadically, 
with both active and passive verbs. 
(e) With beon (wesan ), inflected except sporadically, to denote necessity or 
obligation (in both passive and active senses); to denote futurity; and, probably, 
to denote purpose. 
III. ADVERBIAL: 
(a) With Verbs: 
(aa) Final, inflected, after verbs of whatever kind, both active and passive. 
(bb) Final, uninflected, after verbs ( 1 ) of commanding and requesting and 
(2) of giving. 
(cc) Causal, uninflected and inflected, in part. 
(dd) Specificatory, always inflected. 
(ee) Consecutive, inflected, in part, with both active and passive verbs. 
(b) With Adjectives: 
(aa) Specificatory, inflected, when the infinitive is clearly genitival in 
function. 
IV. ADJECTIVAL: 
(a) With noun or pronoun, habitually inflected, when the infinitive is equiv¬ 
alent to a genitive phrase, and when the infinitive is strictly equivalent to a 
Latin gerundive (see Chapter XIII, Note 2, p. 182). 
(4) The grounds of the foregoing statement as to which uses of the infinitive 
in Anglo-Saxon are of foreign (Latin) origin are briefly these: (1) that these 
uses are, in general, not found in the poetry except in poems known to be based 
on Latin originals, and in these only sparingly; (2) that they are found very 
rarely in the more original prose; (3) that, in the Anglo-Saxon translations from 
the Latin, the dominant influence of the original is demonstrated; and (4) that 
what we know of these uses in the kindred Germanic languages tends to support 
the theory that these uses in Anglo-Saxon are borrowed from the Latin. 
(5) Ultimately, in Anglo-Saxon as in the Germanic languages in general, 
the predicative use of the infinitive with auxiliaries was objective; and the 
predicative use with (w)uton, with other verbs of motion, and with beon 
(wesan) was final. 
H. THE PASSIVE INFINITIVE. 
8. Anglo-Saxon has a compound passive infinitive, made up usually of the 
present active infinitive, beon (occasionally wesan or weorSan), plus the past 
participle. The strictly infinitive part of the compound is uninflected; the par¬ 
ticiple part is sometimes inflected, sometimes not. 
9. This infinitive is passive in sense as well as in form. 
10. Though far less frequently used than is the active infinitive, the passive 
infinitive is found, in Anglo-Saxon, in the following uses: — 
