215 
5. Aquila ncevia. 
6. Aquila pennata. 
7. W. Circaetus brachydactylus . 
8. Helotarsus ecaudatus. 
9. Falco biarmicus, Temrn. (F. peregrinoides, Temm.; F. chi- 
queroides , Smith ; F. feldeggi, Schlegel; F. lanarius, Schlegel; F. 
rubeus, Thienemann; F. cervicalis, Kaup.) 
After a careful examination of many specimens, I feel justified in 
uniting the above synonyms under one species. This is essentially 
an African bird, extending from the Cape of Good Hope to Egypt, 
whence it has probably spread into Greece and Dalmatia, to which 
portions of Europe it is chiefly confined, though a single straggler 
has occurred in Germany. It is at once distinguished from F. pere- 
grinus by the shorter toes, and the fulvous patch on the crown. The 
Falco jugger, Gray (F. luggur, Jerdon), of India is closely allied, but 
seems to differ constantly in the plumes of the tibia being uniformly 
dark brown, while in F. biarmicus they are cream-coloured or white, 
like the rest of the under parts, with a small brown spot on the centre 
of each feather. This is one of the many species to which the name 
Falco lanarius has been given, under the supposition that it may be 
the Fanner of the old works on falconry ; but as the original F. la¬ 
narius of Linnaeus is now admitted to be the young of F. gyrfalco , 
and as S3^stematists are generally agreed not to trace binomial titles 
further back than Linneeus’s Systema, of course the specific name 
lanarius must be dropped altogether, and the oldest binomial name, 
Falco biarmicus, Temm., adopted for the present species. 
10. W. Tinnunculus alaudarius (Gm.). This widely diffused spe¬ 
cies extends, without variation of form or colour, from Britain south¬ 
wards to Central Africa and eastwards to India. 
11. N. W. Nauclerus riocouri , Vieill. 
12. Accipiter sphenurus, juv. ? Resembles A. sphenurus , Rupp., 
in the cuneate form of the tail. Head and neck rufescent, with a 
fuscous medial stripe on each feather; belly white, barred with brown; 
back cinereous brown with rufous margins ; upper tail-covers white ; 
tail cinereous, with three broad fuscous bars, outer feather white, 
with five bars. 
13. N. Accipiter carbonarius (Licht.). Two specimens agree with 
Lichtenstein’s description (in his Verzeichniss einer Sammlung von 
Saugethieren u. Yogeln aus dem Kafferlande, 8vo, Berlin, 1842, p. 11), 
except in having only three or four white bands on the tail instead of 
five. With the exception of these bands, and the numerous light and 
dark brown bands on the remiges, the plumage is wholly black ; cere 
and legs yellow. 
Total length, 12 inches; wing, 7; tarsus, 1 T 6 ^-. 
14. W. Melierax gabar (Baud.). (. Accipiter erythrorhynclius , 
8w.) 
15. Melierax polyzonus, Rupp. United by Mr. Gray to M. ca- 
norus, Rislach (M. musicus. Baud.), but differs in its smaller size, and 
in having the upper tail-covers banded grey and white, while in M. ca - 
