226 
b. The Deer of the Warm or Temperate Regions have a 
tapering nose, ending in a naked, moist muffle ; they generally ha^ e 
a well-developed tail, distinct crumen, and rather long false hoofs; 
their fawms are spotted, the spots generally disappearing in the adult, 
or only to be seen when the animals are in high condition ; the fur is 
shorter and fulvous in the summer, becoming longer and greyer in 
the winter; the skulls have a moderate nose-cavity, and the inter- 
maxillaries reaching to or nearly to the nasal bones. 
c. The Elaphine Deer or Stags have a low, broad muffle, 
narrowed and rounded below, and nearly separated from the edge of 
the lip by a hairy band, which has only a narrow interruption in the 
middle, and rather elongated ears ; they have rough horns, generally 
supported on a more or less long process of the Irontal hones, fur¬ 
nished with a frontal basal branch or snag close on the burr 01 ciovn ; 
the outer side of the hind-legs has a tuft of hair placed rather abo^e 
the middle of the metatarsus, and another tuft on the inner side of 
the hock. 
They are (except the Wapiti) exclusively confined to the woods ot 
the Old or Eastern World. 
3. Cervus ; Elaphus, II. Smith; Cermis and Pseudocervus, 
Hodgson. 
Horns round, erect, with an anterior basal snag, a medial anteiioi 
snag, and the apex divided into one or more branches, according to 
the age of the animal; a well-developed crumen ; narrow triangular, 
compressed hoofs; they are covered with brittle, opake liaiis; the 
rump is generally ornamented with a pale mark ; skull with a laige, 
deep, suborbital pit. 
* The True Stags have one or two branches on the middle of the 
front of the beam. 
, -j~ The American kind have rather broad semicircular hoofs, a very 
short tail, and the withers covered with softer hair in winter, Stron- 
gyloceros. 
1. Cervus Canadensis. The Wapiti. 
Red-brown ; rump with a very large pale disk extending far above 
the base of the tail, and with a black streak on each side of it; male 
with hair of throat elongated, black, with reddish tips. 
Stag , Dale, Phil. Trans, n. 444, 384.— Cerfde Canada, Perr. Anim. 
ii. 55. t. 45?; Cuvier, R. A. i. 256.— Cervus Canadensis , Bnsson; 
Gray, Knows. Menag. 58.— Cervus Elaphus, var. Canadensis , Erxl. 
CervusStrongyloceros, Schreb. t.247 ; Richardson, Fauna Bor. Amer. 
251.— C. major, Ord.— C. Wapiti, Leach, Journ. Phvs. lxxxv. 66.— 
American Elk, Bewick, Quad.—A orth-JT estern Stag, t. occidentals, 
PI. Smith, G. A. K. iv. 101. t. . f. 2, horn; Fischer, Syn. Mamm. 
614,notSyn.— Wapiti, Warden, Etats Unis, v. 638 ; Wied,Toy. Amer. 
Sept. iii. 302. 
