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from side to side in the boats, to break 
the bay ice , and in sallying, they run from 
the one side of the vessel to the other, 
according to the motion, and the com¬ 
mand of the person who takes the lead; 
this facilitates the motion of the ship 
through the ice. The thermometer this 
day stood at 41° in the cabin withoutfire . 
Being exposed to the sun on deck, it 
got up to 66°, where it remained station¬ 
ary. On being hung in the shade, it fell 
to the freezing point. 
18th, Continued forcing our way slow¬ 
ly through bay ice ; almost no wind. In 
sultry days, and, indeed, in all weathers, 
navigators are much harassed in those 
seas by the fogs; they, however, chiefly 
occur towards the latter end of summer. 
They are excessively dense, and at a 
distance are frequently mistaken for land. 
In winter, when the cold is intense, a 
vapour called fog smoke frequently arises 
from the chinks of the ice, which is so 
