42 
JOSEPH BRECK & SONS 
(Co RPO RATION). 
ROUGH STALKED MEADOW 
(Poa Trivialis) 
PERENNIAL RYE (Loliutn perenne). A very 
valuable grass; arrives early at maturity, and produces 
a good supply of herbage, of which cattie are very fond. 
It grows freely on almost any soil, and shows a very 
early Spring growth. Although a perennial grass, the 
root will not live over three or four years, and unless the 
plant is allowed to reproduce from self-sown seed it will 
die out in about that time. This is an objection to its 
extensive use for permanent pastures, but for hay crops 
it may be introduced to good advantage along with other 
grasses and clovers. 
ITALIAN RYE (Loliutn Italicum). This is one of 
the most valuable grasses brought into notice during the 
present century. In nutritive value, earliness and quick¬ 
ness of growth after it has been mown, it by far surpasses 
the Perennial Rye Grass. It is. therefore, indispensable 
for alternate husbandry ; but as it does not last over two 
years it is of no use in permanent pastures. The soils 
best adapted to Italian Rye seem to be those that are 
moist, fertile, and tenacious, or of a medium consistency, 
and on such soils it is said to be one of the best grasses 
known to cut green, affording repeated luxuriant and 
nutritive crops. 
FOWL MEADOW (False Red Top, Duck Grass, 
Swamp Wire Grass, (Poa serotina ). Root slightly 
creeping; flowers in July and August. This perennial 
native grass is found on lowlands in many places, though 
it seldom takes full possession of the soil unless seed is 
sown. It has been largely introduced into New England, 
and is particularly adapted to moist, rich soils, such as the 
borders of rivers, ponds, etc., owing to the fact that an 
RED TOP (Herd’s Grass), (Agrostis Vulgaris). Root 
creeping; perennial; flowers in July. This valuable grass has 
been commonly cultivated in our fields for over a century. It is a 
fine permanent grass, and forms a nutritious pasturage when fed 
close. It is valuable for all wet soils producing a large return in 
good hay. Red Top is often sown with Timothy and common Red 
Clover, in which case the Clover soon disappears followed by 
Timothy, after which the Red Top usually takes its place, and 
with some wild indigenous grass forms a close sward. When 
sown alone three bushels per acre are required. 
RHODE ISLAND BENT (Agrostis canina). Root creep¬ 
ing; perennial; flowers in July. A most valuable permanent 
grass, largely used in New England for pastures and for lawns. 
For the latter purpose it is often sown by itself, and if cheapness 
is an object perhaps it is as good as could be sown, but we recom. 
mend the lawn mixture wherever practicable. Soil and treatment 
same as for Red Top ( A . vulgaris). 
ROUGH STALKED MEADOW GRASS (Poa trivialis). 
Root fibrous; perennial. This grass is valuable on account of its 
quick growth, productiveness, and nutritive qualities. Grows in 
perfection on moist, rich soils, and is also well adapted to ground 
shaded by trees. Grows early in the Spring, and continues green 
until late in the Fall. As it delights in shelter, its produce is 
always much greater when sown with other grasses. Cattle, sheep, 
and horses show a great partiality for it, and the pasture is gener¬ 
ally eaten barest where this grass predominates. Does not thrive 
well on dry soils. 
LWf-V- 
PERENNIAL RYE 
(Lolium Perenne) 
occasional overflow will not injure its growth. It may be mown at any time from June to October, as it never be- 
comes so coarse and hard but the stalk is sweet and tender and eaten without waste. It makes an excellent grass for 
oxen, cows, and sheep, but is thought too fine for horses. It is easily made into hay which is of a nutritive character. 
MEADOW FOXTAIL (Alopecurispratensis). Root fibrous; perennial; flowers in May. This is one of the 
best grasses for permanent pastures, and should always form a fair proportion of the mixtures for that purpose, be¬ 
cause of its extremely rapid growth and great nutritive qualities. Thrives best on a rich, strong soil. As the 
Meadow Foxtail shoots up its flowering stalk much earlier than Timothy, it can be easily distinguished from the 
latter, which, at first sight, it greatly resembles. It endures the cropping of cattle and sheep probably better than 
any other variety of grass, making it, as stated above, well-nigh indispensable in all first-class permanent pastures. 
The nutritive qualities of Meadow Foxtail are most abundant at time of flowering. 
^ CRESTED DOG’S-TAIL (Cynosurus cristatus). Roots fibrous and tufted; perennial, This is a most valuable 
permanent pasture grass. It is very tender and nutritious at time of flowering. If, however, it is left until the seed 
ripens, cattle will not eat it on account of its wiry stems. For parks this grass is well suited, because of its fine, 
close growth, and pleasant green color. It should form a portion of all mixtures for lawns. 
MEADOW FESCUE (Festucapratensis). Root creeping; perennial; flowers in July ; one of the most valuable 
of the Fescue grasses. This grass is well adapted for permanent pastures, and is also sometimes used for alternate 
husbandry. It grows rapidly in rich and rather moist soils, and makes an excellent pasture grass, its long tender 
leaves being much relished by cattle. It should be always sown mixed with other grasses. 
See Special Offers on third page of cover. 
