sional committee having the territorial resolution 
under consideration: “This legislation is vital to 
the continued American control of the agricultural 
industries of Hawaii. Too much stress cannot be 
laid upon the necessity for providing relief for 
the labor shortage by neutralizing the present 
preponderance of one alien race (Japanese). The 
sugar, pineapple, rice and other industries are al¬ 
ready suffering injury that it will take years to 
repair, and unless a remedy is speedily provided 
Hawaii will cease even to be self-sustaining.” 
At this writing, Hawaii’s emergency labor reso¬ 
lution is still pending. 
Of late years Japanese laborers have been leav¬ 
ing the sugar plantations in greater and greater 
numbers, not caring to do this work unless finan¬ 
cial necessity compels. They prefer to seek work 
in the cities rather than take advantage of the good 
wages, generous bonus system, comfortable sanitary 
quarters, separate houses and grounds for married 
people and families, and every want supplied, 
with absolute freedom of movement offered by the 
plantations. They prefer poor living conditions 
and less wages in the towns, working as yard boys, 
stevedores, .or at any sort of task. Many eventu¬ 
ally do well at work in which they were not seen 
some years ago, but there is usually a large num¬ 
ber of unemployed Japanese in the cities, seeking 
something to do. Filipinos have taken the place 
of Japanese on the plantations, to a considerable 
extent, but they are less efficient than the Japa¬ 
nese. 
ARMY AND NAVY IN HAWAII 
Oahu is well named the Gibraltar of the Pa¬ 
cific. Here are large submarine and aeroplane 
bases, the world’s greatest naval station, and forts 
and garrison posts that make Hawaii’s most im¬ 
portant island a veritable stronghold. 
There are at present some 15,000 troops sta¬ 
tioned on the island. At times there have been 
more. Accommodations are provided for a much 
greater number. Between San Francisco, Hono¬ 
lulu and Manila the transports of the army main¬ 
tain a regular schedule, while ships of the navy 
call at intervals, in squadrons or singly, and some¬ 
times in fleets. 
On August 21, 1919, Josephus Daniels, then 
secretary of the navy, officially opened the mon¬ 
ster concrete dry dock at Pearl Harbor, about ten 
miles from Honolulu. This dock is 1001 feet 
long, 123 feet wide, and 35 feet deep. Besides 
the dock there are all the necessary shops for 
making repairs to vessels, and storage facilities 
for an immense quantity of coal. The Pearl Har¬ 
bor naval station represents an expenditure of 
$ 20 , 000 , 000 . 
Army headquarters, for a long time in the 
Young building, Honolulu, has been transferred to 
Fort Shafter, at the northern extremity of the 
city. Fort Shafter is a comolete town in itself 
with its administration buildings, splendid hos¬ 
pital structures, and all the many modern edi¬ 
fices for housing and welfare of troops. 
Humerous coast defenses protect Honolulu. 
Fort Huger stands guard at Diamond Head, Fort 
DeRussy at Waikiki, Fort Armstrong at Honolulu 
harbor, and Fort Kamehameha near Pearl Plar- 
bor. All arms of the service, with the exception 
of cavalry, are represented on Oahu. 
The Rational Guard of Hawaii has a fine 
armory in Honolulu, near the capitol, and there 
are armories in the principal towns on other 
islands. 
When the navy department has completed im¬ 
provements on Ford Island (Pearl Harbor) some 
half a hundred flying machines will be housed in 
a giant hangar. 
Airmen have established an enviable record in 
Hawaii. Rot the least of recent performances 
was the flight of two sea planes which made the 
circuit of every island in the Territory. They 
covered a distance of 1,544 miles in 26 flying 
hours, being absent from the base for 15 days, 
dependent only upon the resources contained in 
the expeditionary unit itself. A year ago a trip 
was made by a detachment from Pearl Harbor sta¬ 
tion to Midway Island, 1,100 miles to the west¬ 
ward, and aerial pictures were taken of that little 
cable-station isle that are more valuable than any 
chart could be. 
In addition to the various construction projects 
already in progress on Oahu, the war department 
contemplates, according to recent announcement, 
the expenditure of approximately $3,000,000 for 
further permanent improvements at Schofield Bar¬ 
racks, 20 miles from Honolulu, at Luke Field 
(airplane station at Pearl Harbor), and at the 
posts in the vicinity of Honolulu. 
While on the subject of Oahu’s defenses it may 
be noted that on September 19, at Tokio, dis¬ 
armament of all Pacific Islands was urged by the 
Japanese Rational Association for Political Inves¬ 
tigation for discussion at the conference on Far 
Eastern questions and limitation of armaments to 
be held at Washington next month (Rovember, 
1921). 
HAWAIIAN CLIMATE 
Hawaii’s summery clime is well indicated by 
the fact that light summer clothing, except at high 
elevations, is worn from one year’s end to the 
other. Between sea level and the 14,000-foot 
domes of Hawaii Island almost any climate may 
be found, as between the beaches and the 10,000- 
foot crater-rim of ITaleakala, on Maui; and in 
the 4,000-foot regions, as at Kilauea volcano, 
warmer clothing is required for evening wear; 
but elsewhere there is little to distinguish winter 
from summer except the change in the duration of 
daylight and a greater degree of humidity. There 
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