be-forgotten inspiration lias impressed him the 
HAWAII TERRITORY, U. S. A. 
Hawaii’s islands have been an organized Terri¬ 
tory of the United States since Jnne 14, 1900, 
annexation having taken effect on July 7, 1898, 
though the government of the Republic of Hawaii 
continued in charge of affairs until territorial ad¬ 
ministration was in force. On August 12, 1898, 
the flag of Hawaii gave place to the Stars and 
Stripes above the executive building in Honolulu, 
a notable piece of architecture that but a few years 
previous had been the palace of Hawaiian royalty. 
But the standard that was once the banner of a 
remarkable island kingdom, and which later be¬ 
came the emblem of a short-lived provisional gov¬ 
ernment, and then of the republic, though it 
ceased to represent an independent country when 
the Islands became an American Territory, still 
flies as the Hawaiian flag—the state flag of an 
integral political part of the United States. 
To go back before Legend had surrendered her 
unrecorded word to the pen of History, it is 
thought unlikely that the Hawaiian Islands have 
been inhabited for much more than two thousand 
years. It would seem that the first people of Ha¬ 
waii made the long canoe journey from isles of 
the South Seas. Inter-tribal warfare in lands of 
southern Polynesia may have urged them forth, in 
search of a home of peace and independence; or 
some brown-skinned Columbus of olden Oceanica 
may have made known a star-trail to new-found 
shores of beauty and delight. 
ORIGIN OF THE HAWAIIANS 
Scientists have not yet determined the origin of 
the Hawaiian race. Even now Pacific expeditions 
are engaged in the study of the question; for that 
matter, Science is exploring Asia for marks of 
Man’s beginning. A general survey of Polynesia 
was not long ago undertaken by the Bishop 
Museum, at Honolulu, acknowledged world-head¬ 
quarters in matters of Polynesian and Micronesian 
research, funds for the survey being supplied by 
Bayard Dominick. 
In his ‘‘Brief History of the Hawaiian People,” 
Professor W. D. Alexander wrote: “The affini¬ 
ties, not only of the (Hawaiian) people, but also 
of the plants and animals, are with the islands to 
the south and southwest. The inhabitants of all 
the groups of islands in the Eastern Pacific, from 
Hew Zealand to Hawaii and also to Easter Island, 
scattered over a distance of four thousand miles, 
may be considered as one race, which is commonly 
calk'd the Polynesian race; for they all speak 
dialects of the same language, have the same phys¬ 
ical features, the same manners and customs, the 
same general system of tabus, and similar tradi 
tions and religious rites. 
DISCOVERY OF THE ISLANDS 
Seven or eight hundred years ago canoe inter¬ 
course was maintained between Hawaii and archi¬ 
pelagoes to the south. A Japanese junk is said to 
have touched on the coast of Maui Island during 
the thirteenth century, and, about the middle of 
the sixteenth century, survivors of a wrecked 
Spanish ship, voyaging from Mexico to the Philip¬ 
pines, landed on the southern shore of the Island of 
Hawaii. Also, about this time, Juan Gaetano is 
credited with the discovery of Hawaii’s existence. 
On January 18, 1778, Captain James Cook, of 
the British royal navy, discovered the principal 
northern islands of the Hawaiian chain, Kauai 
and Oahu. On Uovember 26, of the same year, 
on his second visit, Cook discovered Maui, later 
becoming acquainted with the “Big Island,” 
Hawaii, where, at Kealakekua, on February 14, 
1779, he met his death as the result of a quarrel 
between members of his crew and the inhabitants. 
SEVEN MID-SEA SOVEREIGNS 
Formerly at the mercy of contending island 
rulers, the people of the Hawaiian archipelago 
were brought under one control, in 1795, by 
Kamehameha the Great, a wise and powerful 
monarch possessed of broad ideas and prophetic 
vision. Between his death, in 1819, the year pre¬ 
ceding the arrival of the first American mission¬ 
aries, and the termination of royal rule—a period 
of seventy-four years—seven sovereigns occupied 
the throne. 
On January 17, 1893, Queen Liliuokalani, after 
a troubled reign of two years, was deposed, and 
a provisional government, seeking annexation of 
Hawaii to the United States, was established. 
Annexation was effected five-and-a-half years later. 
Meanwhile, on July 4, 1894, the Republic of 
Hawaii was organized, continuing until territorial 
administration succeeded to the management of 
affairs. 
AMERICAN GOVERNMENT 
Hawaii’s governor and the territorial secretary, 
who must be citizens of the Territory, are ap¬ 
pointed by the President of the United States. 
Other territorial officials are appointed by the 
governor, with the approval of the territorial 
senate. The Organic Act of Congress, by virtue 
of which Hawaii became a Territory, carries wider 
executive and legislative powers than were en¬ 
joyed by former territories, by reason of the great 
distance between the Islands and the national 
capital. The legislature consists of a senate of 
fifteen members, and a house of thirty representa¬ 
tives, elected by the people and holding regular 
sessions every two years, with power to enact any 
legislation not in conflict with the federal consti¬ 
tution. The Territory is represented in Congress 
by one delegate, elected every four years, who has 
no vote, but whose voice is heard in the House of 
Representatives in all matters in which America’s 
progressive island-territory is interested. Jonah 
Kuhio Kalanianaole has been Hawaii’s delegate 
ever since the first election. 
Justices of the supreme court and judges of the 
circuit courts are appointed by the President, fol¬ 
lowing recommendations of the governor or the 
v.v 
