57 
The Jungle-fowl ( Gallus bankiva ), native to India, and 
without doubt the ancestor of the domestic fowl; the 
Guinea-fowl ( Numida meleagris ), originally from Africa, 
but now domesticated all over the world; the Vulturine 
Guinea-fowl (TV. vu/turina), a rare and beautiful species from 
eastern Africa ; the Common Pea Fowl (. Pavo cristata ), native 
to India, but, like the guinea, naturalized everywhere; and 
the Javan Pea Fowl (P. muticus), from Java and the Malay 
Peninsula, distinguished from the foregoing by the peculiar 
shape of the plumes on the head, and by the rich green color 
on the breast—all belong to the Phasianidce. 
Sir Emerson Tennent states that the common pea fowl 
abounds to such an extent in the Island of Ceylon that its 
harsh cries at early morning are a great source of annoyance 
to the inhabitants. He also adds that the bird, as known in 
its domesticated state in other countries, gives but a very in¬ 
adequate idea of its size and magnificence when seen in its 
native forests. 
The Grouse are an allied group, generally distributed 
throughout the northern hemisphere. A number of them are 
natives of America, where they are commonly, though erro¬ 
neously, called Pheasant and Partridge. They may always be 
distinguished from pheasants, a number of which have within 
a few years been domesticated in the United States, by the 
head, which in the grouse is always densely feathered, 
while in the pheasants there is usually more or less bare skin, 
often of a bright color. The tarsus, or lower leg, in the 
grouse is feathered down to the toes, this part in pheasants 
and quail being always more or less naked. 
The Ruffed Grouse (. Bonasa umbellus ) and the Pinnated 
Grouse or Prairie Chicken (Cupidonia cupido ) are two of 
the best known species. 
The Common Partridge of Europe is Perdix perdix ; 
other species often exhibited are the Barbary Partridge 
(Caccabis petrosa ), the Greek Partridge (C. saxatilis ), and 
the Chukar Partridge (C. chukar) of India; all of them 
are birds of some size, of pleasing plumage, and are clearly 
marked by their bright red legs. The Common Quail (Co - 
turnix coturnix') of Europe and Asia is a bird of migratory 
habits and crosses the Mediterranean into Africa each au- 
