78 
No. 19.—THE CATTLE PENS. 
Opposite the wolves is an iron enclosure divided into pens 
in which are generally kept various oxen, sheep, and goats; 
although at times the necessities of the Garden require that 
other animals should be placed here as well. 
This group of even-toed ungulates, which, with the ante¬ 
lopes, is known as the Bovidce, , is well marked by the char¬ 
acter of their horns, which consist of an outside sheath, 
•composed of the same tissue which forms hair and nails ; this 
sheath is attached to a bony core projecting from the frontal 
bone, and is never shed, like the antlers of deer, but if 
knocked off by accident it does not grow again. Sheep 
and goats are so closely related that it is not easy to charac¬ 
terize the difference. They usually live in mountainous re¬ 
gions, while oxen and antelope prefer plains, or at least 
moderate elevations. 
The Indian Buffalo (. Bubelus buffelus ) has been domesti¬ 
cated for ages in its native country, but is also found there 
in a wild state. The wild ones, called Arna, are fond of the 
impenetrable, swampy jungles, common in southern Asia. 
The Bhainsa, or tame race, are largely used as working oxen, 
not only in their own country, but in southern Europe—the 
buffalo found on the Campagna, near Rome, being of this 
breed, as also are the Carabao , used as beasts of burden in 
the Philippine Islands. 
The Anoa or Celebes Buffalo (. Bos depressicornis ), is a 
dwarfed representative of the Indian species, and rarely 
measures much over three feet in height at the shoulder. 
The male now in the Garden is kept in one of these pens 
through the summer; in winter being placed in the Antelope 
House. 
The Zebu (. Bos indicus ). A number of breeds of these 
cattle exist throughout China, India, and north Africa, vary¬ 
ing in size from that of a calf to the full adult of our ordinary 
domestic cattle. They differ much in appearance, there be¬ 
ing breeds without horns, and some almost without the char¬ 
acteristic hump on the shoulders, while in others the horns 
are of great size, and some in which the hump weighs from 
forty to fifty pounds. 
