27 
management of the Garden. The result was the planning and 
erection of the present house, which was opened in the sum¬ 
mer of 1896. Its inside measurements are one hundred and 
eleven by fifty-six feet; it contains nine large cages, with cor¬ 
responding ones on the outside for summer use. A feature 
of the building is a conservatory, nearly the full length of the 
structure, on the side opposite to the cages. 
The monkeys of the Old World, or of Africa, Asia, and the 
Malayan Islands, have been arranged by naturalists in one 
great group called Catarrhini , while those of the New World 
constitute another group known as Plaiyrrhini . Two hun¬ 
dred and fourteen distinct species of monkeys and apes are 
recognized by the latest authorities; of these one hundred 
and twenty-eight belong to Africa and Asia and eighty-six 
to America. . The two groups are very well marked in 
zoological characters, the most constant of which is that 
from which they derive their name. In the Catarrhini the 
septum, or cartilage dividing the nose, is narrower at the 
bottom than at the top, so that the nostrils converge towards 
the bottom, while in the Platyrrhini the cartilage is of the 
same breadth throughout and the nostrils are therefore par¬ 
allel. The dentition of the first group is the same as that 
of man, being eight incisors, four canines, eight premolars, 
and twelve molars. 
Monkeys are omnivorous in their food habits. For the 
most part they live on fruits, buds, tender leaves, and roots, 
though many of them eat also insects, small birds, and rep¬ 
tiles. 
Apes and monkeys are classed in the same order— Pri¬ 
mates —as man, the correspondence in structure being very 
close, amounting in some of the higher groups to modifica¬ 
tions only of form. All the man-like or Anthropoid Apes— 
the Gorilla and Chimpanzee of Africa, and the Orang and 
Gibbon of India—belong to the first division. These apes can 
be captured only when young, and as they are difficult to ac¬ 
climate, they are by no means common in menageries. The 
longest period for which any of them have lived in our 
gardens, has been four years for the orang, and six and a half 
years for the chimpanzee. 
The Chimpanzee ( Anthropopithecus troglodytes ) is most 
commonly found, in company with its larger relative, the 
gorilla, on the west coast of Africa about the region of the 
