GAMBLING. 77 
The road to St. Augustin is remarkably insecure from robbers ; many- 
persons have been attacked, and there are still several suspicious spots 
where the rascals are supposed to hover on the watch. I therefore never 
ventured out except with a large company, or on days when some public 
amusement was likely to fill the country with strangers. 
The 16th of May is set down in the cafendar as the day of the year 
dedicated to St. Augustin, and this village is appropriated by the Mexi- 
cans to the celebration of his festival. Yet, unlike most other festivals, 
this one appears to have little or nothing to do, either with religion or the 
saint, unless they have a version of his story unknown to other nations. 
As on the occasion of the Feast of the Virgin of Guadalupe, the road 
was filled, after daylight, with passengers in coaches, on horseback, 
in diligences, and even on foot. This is a frolic, chiefly for the great, 
the wealthy and the fashionable, (as those of Los Remedies and the Vir- 
gin, are for the mass of the people,) and gambling is the chief bait and 
attraction. 
The square in the centre of the village was fitted up with temporary 
booths, and devoted to all sorts of festivity, play and music, for the lower 
classes, while many of the adjoining dwellings were adorned in magnifi- 
cent style for the upper ranks who sported nothing but gold and silver. 
Indeed, a chance is offered to all upon this occasion. Every man who 
has anything to lose, or the hope of winning, has the opportunity pre- 
sented. There is no lack of temptation. 
First, there are the humblest booths in the square where small sums 
of copper alone are played; next, there are others where copper and 
reals, or medios, are permitted ; next, those for copper and dollars ; then 
roulette, for all stakers ; then banks of silver alone ; then banks of silver 
and gold ; and lastly, banks where nothing but gold, and that usually in 
doubloons, is ever ventured. You thus perceive, that the opportunity is 
liberally presented for every man's purse to become " small by degrees 
and beautifully less." 
It is estimated that 25,000 doubloons or $400,000, are annually placed 
in these banks, and, as at least half that sum is brought on the ground 
to bet against them, the amount of money lost and won is enormous. 
This year all the banks lost except one, and its owners were exceedingly 
dissatisfied because their winnings, during the three days of the festival, 
amounted to only 25 per cent. ; yet you will imagine how great must 
have been their gains, when this very bank had at one time lost near two 
thousand doubloons/ 
The saloons where gold is played are most tastefully fitted up in cool 
and airy situations. A long table, covered with green cloth, is placed in 
the centre, and in the middle of this lie the shining heaps, rolls, and 
piles of gold. Around, sit the patient and silent players. You do not 
see, as in France, the iron lip, frowning brow, pale visage, and clenched 
hand — indicative of anxiety, remorse, and the lust of greedy gain. The 
