32 
Spring Flora of Oklahoma 
gate fruits. Stamens 4. Perianth 4-parted, persisting in 
the pistillate flowers and becoming fleshy, and inclosing 
the ovary, in the fruit. 
1. Morus rubra L. Red Mulberry. A small tree. Leaves ovate 
or nearly orbicular in outline, scabrous above, persistently pubescent 
beneath, acuminate at the apex, rounded, truncate or cordate at the 
base, serrate-dentate or 3-7-lobed. Staminate spikes drooping. Pis¬ 
tillate spikes spreading or pendulous in fruit, dark purple-red, de¬ 
licious. 
In rich soil. April-May. Common. 
II. TOXYLON Raf. 
A small tree with milky juice. Leaves alternate, pet- 
ioled, spines axillary. Flowers dioecious. Staminate flow¬ 
ers in short axillary racemes. Calyx 4-parted. Stamens 4, 
indexed in the bud. Pistillate flowers in axillary, ped- 
uncled, capitate clusters. Calyx 4-parted. Ovary sessile. 
Style long. Calyxes becoming thickened and fleshy in 
fruit and aggregated into a large, dense, globular head. 
1. Toxylon pomiferum Raf. Osage Orange, Bois D’Arc. Leaves 
ovate, ovate-lanceolate or ovate-oblong, glossy, entire, apox acumin¬ 
ate, base obtuse, truncate or subcordate. Syncarp globose, yellow¬ 
ish-green, tubercled. 
In rich soil. June and May. 
III. PAPYRIUS Lam. 
Trees, with milky juice, the leaves alternate, petioled, 
entire, serrate, or 3-5-lobed, 3-nerved at the base. Flow¬ 
ers dioecious, the staminate in cylindric, ament-like spikes, 
the pistillate capitate. Staminate flowers with a deeply 
4-cleft perianth, 4 stamens. Pistillate flowers with an 
ovoid or tubular 3-4-toothed perianth, a stalked ovary 
and a 2-cleft style. Head of the fruit globular, the drupes 
red. 
1. Papyrius papyrifera (L.) Kuntze. Paper Mulberry. A small 
tree. Leaves mostly ovate, thin, long-petioled, serrate nearly all 
around, often deeply 3-lobed, sinuses rounded. 
Escaped from cultivation. May-June. 
