110 
Spring Flora of Oklahoma 
small, 1-3 or none. Stamen column anther-bearing at the 
apex. Cavities of the ovary 5-many, 1-ovuled. Carpels in- 
dehiscent, their apices pointed or beaked. Seeds ascend¬ 
ing. 
1. Malvastrum coccineum (Pursh.) A. Gray. Red False Mal¬ 
low. Perennial, erect or ascending, 4'-10' high, densely silvery stell¬ 
ate-pubescent. Lower leaves ovate-orbicular in outline, slender-peti- 
oled, the uppermost nearly sessile, all palmately 3-5-parted. Flowers 
red (various shades), 6"-9" broad, in dense, short, terminal, spicate 
racemes. Bractlets of the involucre none. Carpels 10-15, rugose- 
reticulated, indehiscent, 1-seeded. 
Frequent on prairies. April-August. Woods. Kingfisher, Okla¬ 
homa and Caddo counties. 
FAMILY 58. VIOLACEJE. Violet Family. 
Herbs, with simple, alternate leaves, with stipules. 
Calyx of 5 persistent sepals. Corolla of 5 petals, some¬ 
what zygomorphic. One petal with a spur. Stamens 5, 
short, the filaments often united around the pistil. Style 
generally club-shaped, with a one-sided stigma, with an 
opening leading to its interior. Pod 1-celled, splitting 
into 3 valves, each bearing a placenta. The seeds are 
often dispersed by the splitting of the elastic valves. 
Sepals more or less prolonged posteriorly. I. Viola. 
Sepals not prolonged posteriorly. II. Calceolaria. 
I. VIOLA (Tourn.) L. 
Herbs, either leafy-stemmed or stemless. Petalifer- 
ous flowers, mostly in early spring, succeeded by cleistog- 
amous flowers, bearing abundant seed. Stamens 5 in 
the petaliferous flower, the two lowest with appendages 
that project into the spur or nectar sac of the odd petal, 
these two stamens alone developed in the cleistogamous 
flower. Hybridize freely. 
Plants stemless; leaves and scapes from a rootstock or 
from runners. 
