122 
Spring Flora of Oklahoma 
Fruit smooth, neither tubercled nor bristly. 
VIII. Ptilimnium. 
I. SANICULA L. 
Perennial or biennial, mostly glabrous herbs, with 
alternate, palmately 3-7-foliolate or pinnatifid leaves, 
and small, yellowish, white, or purplish, perfect and stam- 
inate flowers in compound few-rayed umbels. Umbellets 
globose. Involucre few-leaved, foliaceous. Calyx-lobes 
membranous. Petals obovate, or narrower, incurved at 
the apex, emarginate. Disk flat. Fruit somewhat flat¬ 
tened laterally, sub-globose, covered with hooked bristles. 
Carpels not ribbed. Oil-tubes usually 5. 
Petals and anthers greenish-white; calyx-segments 
lanceolate, cuspidate; fruit 3" long. 
1. S. marylandica. 
Petals and anthers yellow; calyx-lobes ovate, obtuse; 
fruit 1%" long, or less. 2. S. gregaria. 
1. Sauicula marylandica L. Black Snake-root. Stem erect, 
18'-48' high. Leaves 5-7 parted, the divisions sharply serrate, acute, 
Sterile flowers pedicellate, often in separate umbels. Fruit sessile, 
ovoid, 3" long. Oil tubes 5, large. 
In rich woods. May-July. 
2. Sanicula gregaria Bicknell. Clustered Snake-root. Stem 
slender, 12'-36' tall, umbellately-branched. Leaves 5-foliolate. Leaf¬ 
lets obovate, cleft and serrate. Fruit l%"-2" long. Oil-tubes 5, 
small. 
In moist woods. May-June. 
II. CHiEROPHYLLUM (Tourn.) L. 
Annual herbs, with ternately or pinnately decompound 
leaves and small, compound umbels of white flowers. In¬ 
volucre none or, rarely, of 1-2 bracts. Involucels of nu¬ 
merous, small bracts. Calyx-teeth obsolete. Petals inflexed 
at the apex. Stylopodium small, conic. Fruit oblong or 
linear-oblong, glabrous or pubescent, flattened laterally. 
Carpels 5-angled, slightly flattened dorsally. Oil-tubes 
mostly solitary in the intervals. Seed-face channeled. 
