190 
Spring Flora of Oklahoma 
smaller, oblong, oblanceolate or linear. Heads 6"-15" broad. Bracts 
of the involucre acute or acuminate, scarious-margined, glabrous or 
nearly so. Rays usually violet, oblong-linear. 
In moist soil. May-July. Oklahoma County and Arbuckle Moun¬ 
tains. 
IV. TOWNSENDIA Hook. 
Annual, biennial, or perennial herbs. Leaves alternate, 
entire, linear or spatulate. Heads of both tubular and 
radiate flowers. Involucre hemispheric, bracts imbricated 
in several series, the outer shorter. Receptacle nearly 
flat, naked or fimbrillate. Ray-flowers pink or white, pistil¬ 
late. Disk-flowers tubular, perfect, 5-lobed. Achenes of 
the disk-flowers compressed, those of the rays commonly 
3-angled. Pappus a single series of rigid bristles or short 
scales. 
1. Townsendia exscapa (Richards) Porter. Low Townsendta. 
Acaulescent, or nearly so, from a deep, woody root, l'-3' high. Leaves 
all clustered at the base, linear or slightly spatulate, 1/-2' long. 
Heads sessile, l'-l%' broad, equaled or surpassed by the leaves. In¬ 
volucre broadly campanulate. Rays white or purplish. Pappus a 
row of rigid bristles. 
In dry soil. Wichita Mountains. April-July. 
V. CHAUTOPAPPA DC. 
Annual, slender, much-branched herbs. Leaves small, 
alternate, entire. Long peduncled heads of both tubular 
and white or purple, radiate flowers. Involucre campanu¬ 
late, bracts imbricated in a few series, the outer shorter. 
Receptacle small, naked. Ray-flowers in 1 row, pistillate. 
Disk-flowers perfect, 5-lobed. Achenes nearly terete, fusi¬ 
form, or linear, 5-ribbed. Pappus usually of 5 rigid, awn¬ 
like, scabrous bristles, alternating* with as many short 
scales or more. 
1. Chaetopappa asteroides DC. Chaetopappa. Slender, 2' -12' 
high, the branches filiform. Lower and basal leaves spatulate, %VT 
long, the upper linear, bractlike. Heads .about 3" broad. Involucre 
about 2" high, its bracts scarious-margined. Rays 5-12, raised on 
slender tubes. Achenes pubescent. 
In dry soil. Frequent. April-July. 
