Spring Flora of Oklahoma 
197 
to subulate, the chaff of concave, truncate scales. Ray- 
flowers yellow of with brown at the base, neutral. Disk- 
flowers perfect, fertile, usually grayish. Achenes short, 
flattened, sharp-margined, or winged. Pappus with 1 or 
2 teeth, or none. 
1. Ratibida columnaris (Sims.) D. Don. Prairie Cone-Flower. 
Strigose, pubescent, and scabrous. Stem 12'-30' high. Leaves pin- 
nately divided into linear or linear-oblong, entire, dentate or cleft 
segments. Bracts of the involucre short, linear-lanceolate or sub¬ 
ulate, reflexed. Rays 4-10, yellow, brown at the base, or brown all 
over, 4"-15" long, drooping. Disk gray, elongated-conic or cylin- 
dric. Chaff or the receptacle canescent at the apex. Pappus of 
1 or 2 subulate teeth, usually with several, short, intermediate scales. 
On dry prairies. May-August. Common. 
XVII. ECHINACEA Moench. 
Perennial, erect, branched, or simple herbs, with thick, 
black roots. Leaves rough, alternate, or opposite, 3-5- 
nerved entire or dentate. Heads large, long-peduncled, the 
rays purple, purplish, crimson or yellow, the disk green 
or purple, ovoid. Involucre depressed-hemispheric, bracts 
lanceolate, spreading or appressed, imbricated in 2-4 series. 
Receptacle conic, chaffy. Ray flowers neutral. Disk-flow¬ 
ers perfect. Achenes 4 sided, obpyramidal. Pappus a 
short, dentate crown. 
Rays about Y long, spreading. 1. E. angustifolia. 
Rays l%'-3' long, drooping. 2. E. pallida. 
1. Echinacea angustifolia DC. Narrow-leaved Purple Cone- 
flower. Stem hispid or hirsute, 12'-24' high. Leaves lanceolate 
or linear-lanceolate, hirsute, strongly 3-nerved, entire, 3'-8' long. 
Rays usually 10-12, purplish or white, spreading, 10"-12" long. 
In dry soil. May-October. Infrequent. 
2. Etchinacea pallida (Nutt.) Britton. Pale Purple Cone- 
flower. Similar to preceding species, but often taller. Leaves 
elongated-lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, entire. Rays narrow, linear, 
drooping, l%'-3' long, rose purple or nearly white. 
In dry soil on prairies. May-July. Frequent. 
XVIII. COREOPSIS L. 
Annual or perennial herbs. Leaves opposite or the upper 
