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How to Plant and Cultivate 
NEVER PUT ANY MANURE IN THE HOLES. 
A little bone-dust or good rich soil is best in the 
bottom of the hole. Fertilizers should be applied 
to the surface and worked in. A covering of coarse 
manure, straw, litter, hay, or even stones, given the 
first season, will retain the moisture and prevent 
injury from drought. 
SMALL FRUIT PLANTS should be set in a pail 
containing two or three inches of water and taken 
out one at a time as planted, not allowing the roots 
to be exposed to the sun or air; if not ready to 
plant strawberries on arrival, do not pour water on 
them in the package or in the bunches, as they 
will surely heat and spoil. They may be spread 
out thinly in shallow trenches, with their crowns 
even with the surface, heeled-in, as advised for 
trees, sprinkled with water and shaded for a few 
days. 
CULTIVATE your valuable young trees and 
shrubs, at least as well as you do your cabbage or 
corn, till July 1st, then sow a cover crop of crim¬ 
son clover, cow peas, or oats for winter protection. 
Whoever puts grass in a young orchard does one 
of the things most certain to cause failure. 
In finding the number of plants or trees that a 
piece of ground will hold, determine the distance 
you are to set them apart; pace your piece of ground 
to find how many rows you will have; also find 
how many it will take for each row; find the prod¬ 
uct of the two and you will have the number that 
you want. 
TREES AND PLANTS TO THE ACRE 
Apples . 
.30 
to 
40 
ft. 
apart 
each 
way 
Pears, strd. 
.20 
to 
25 
ft. 
apart 
each 
way 
Pears, dwf. 
.10 
to 
20 
ft. 
apart 
each 
way 
Cherries . 
.18 
to 
20 
ft. 
apart 
each 
way 
Plums . 
.16 
to 
18 
ft. 
apart 
each 
way 
Peaches . 
.16 
to 
18 
ft. 
apart 
each 
way 
Quinces . 
.10 
to 
12 
ft. 
apart 
each 
way 
Currants . 
.3 
to 
4 
ft. 
apart 
each 
way 
Gooseberries . . . . 
.3 
to 
4 
ft. 
apart 
each 
way 
Raspberries . . . . 
.3 
to 
4 
ft. 
apart 
each 
way 
Blackberries .... 
.4 
to 
6 
ft. 
apart 
each 
way 
Strawberries . . . 
.iy 2 
to 
3 
ft. 
apart 
each 
way 
Grapes . 
.8 
to 
10 
ft. 
apart 
each 
way 
DISTANCES FOR PLANTING 
3 feet apart each way. 4,840 
4 feet apart each way. 2,722 
6 feet apart each way. 1,210 
8 feet apart each way. 680 
16 feet apart each way. 170 
20 feet apart each way. 108 
16x20 feet apart each way. 136 
20x30 feet apart each way. 72 
WHEN APPLE TREES BEGIN 
TO BEAR 
We have many inquiries about the age at which 
different varieties begin to bear fruit. The follow¬ 
ing list, while not complete, will give some idea 
about it: 
THREE YEARS. Bismark, Duchess of Olden¬ 
burg, Rome Beauty, Stark. 
FOUR YEARS. Ben Davis, Gano, Wagener, 
Wealthy, Yellow Transparent, McIntosh Red. 
FIVE YEARS. Fallawater, Fameuse, King, Red 
Astrachan, R. I. Greening, Wolf River, York Im¬ 
perial. 
SIX TO NINE YEARS. Baldwin, Fall Pippin, 
Golden Russett, Gravenstein, Hubbardston, North¬ 
ern Spy, Rambo, Sutton Beauty, Sweet Bough, Tal- 
man Sweet, Seek-no-Further. 
SPRAYING 
It is necessary to spray fruit trees in order to 
successfully combat the insects and fungus diseases 
with which they are often troubled. To thoroughly 
explain how and why this should be done would 
require more space than we have to spare in this 
booklet, but we give a little information on the sub¬ 
ject to those who are inexperienced, and for any 
further information write your Experiment Station. 
There is one in every state and the officials are 
always glad to give free information to those who 
ask. 
INSECTS. There are some insects that escape 
our attention entirely unless we look closely. Among 
these are the mites, scale lice, and the ordinary 
plant-lice. These are all insects that live by suck¬ 
ing the sap of the plant for food, and have to be 
combated with some mixture that dries on them, 
stopping up their breathing pores, which are ar¬ 
ranged along their sides, or else by its caustic action 
eats away their tissues and destroys them. They 
have a great many natural enemies. The insect* 
that eat the leaves for food, such as the potato bug, 
the Apple Tree Tent Caterpillar, etc., are killed by 
poisoning their food, and some form of Arsenic ha« 
been found best for this purpose. 
Arsenate of Lead is now used entirely in place 
of Paris Green as it does not injure the foliage in 
any way, and it does not wash off the foliage as 
Paris Green does. This may be purchased in any 
quantity desired. Use 3 lbs. to 50 gallons of water. 
Spray upon the foliage to kill Elm Leaf Beetle and 
all biting insects. 
SPRAYING SOLUTIONS 
Kerosene Emulsion is used for sucking insects 
such as plant lice and is made by taking 1 gallon 
kerosene, ^lb. soap, 1 gallon water. Dissolve the 
soap in hot water, add kerosene and churn all 
together until a white creamy mass is formed, which 
thickens on cooling. Dilute nine times before using. 
Lime Sulphur Solution may be had in concen¬ 
trated form in any quantity and is used for San 
Jose Scale where the trees are in a dormant con¬ 
dition. Dilute 1 gallon with ten gallons water. 
Commercial Concentrated Lime Sulphur Solution 
diluted one gallon with fifty gallons water may be 
used on apple foliage for scab and is considered 
as effective as Bordeaux and less harmful to foliage 
or fruit. It is also recommended for all fungus 
diseases, such as Black Rot of Grape. It should 
be used with caution upon foliage of peach and 
plum, for these it is best to use the SELF BOILED 
LIME SULPHUR, which should be made with con¬ 
siderable care. 
Write to your Experiment Station for directions 
how to make or write to 
Barnes Bros. Nursery Co. 
YALESVILLE, CONN. 
