34 
ELEMENTARY AGRICULTURE 
the same size for all kinds of animals. The little pigs and 
chickens need troughs about three or four feet long and 
two or three inches deep, while the older hogs need one 
eight feet long and four or five inches deep. It is well to 
attach long boards at the ends, to prevent upsetting the 
trough. Braces should be placed across the troughs at 
intervals of one foot to prevent the hogs from lying in 
the trough. A cattle feeding trough is much larger than 
Fig. 21.—Shipping crate and unloading chute. 
a hog trough. It is placed upon posts as shown in the 
picture. Hay racks are very useful in saving hay where 
a number of cattle and horses are fed. 
Yards.— Strong fences are needed about barns because 
the farm animals push against these more often 
than they do against other fences. These should 
be made of boards or strong woven wire. It is 
better to have a small lot about the barn, with larger 
yards for hogs and cattle farther back. A very good 
arrangement is shown in tfre illustration. (Fig. 25.) 
