VEGETABLE GARDENING 185 
manure for heating it. The frame used for the hotbed 
is the same as the frame used for the cold frame. 
Plants raised in the hotbeds may be transplanted into 
the cold frame and hardened off before setting them 
into the field. Tender plants started in the hotbed or 
cold frame should not be set in the open until after the 
danger of frost is over. 
Use System in Planting.—It is advisable to mark 
out the rows in the garden before planting. A well 
arranged garden with straight rows, is admired by every 
one. Also attention should be given to the grouping of 
plants. The berries and perennials should be planted in 
one section of the garden, and the tall growing varieties 
should not be planted with the smaller varieties. Plants 
that mature about the same time should be planted near 
each other; this will permit breaking the ground together 
and save expense of tillage. 
Planting Seed.—Seed may be planted by drilling or 
broadcasting. The drill system is the best for the home 
garden because the crops are more easily worked. In 
planting seed, care should be taken that they are not 
planted too deep or too thick. Small seeds are usually 
sown thickly and about one-fourth to one-half inch 
deep while the larger seeds are planted in hills or at 
short spaces from two to four inches deep. After the 
plantlets come up, if they are too thick, the crop should 
be thinned to the proper stand. This enables one to 
raise strong, sturdy, thrifty plants. 
Transplanting.—Frost-tender plants should not be 
transplanted to the open ground until all danger of 
frost is over. Usually this is about the middle of April 
in Southern states. The best time of day for trans¬ 
planting plants into the open field is late in the evening. 
If the plants are set out at this time and are well 
