HOUSE AND GARDEN 
November, 1911 
Flints Fine Furniture 
UNEXCELLED FOR RELIABILITY 
AND MODERATE COST 
In Library, Living Room or Den the fireplace is 
naturally the central point in the general scheme of 
decoration. Whatever else may be sacrificed to 
convention or economy, the hearth must have its 
Easy Chair or Davenport before the fire. 
From the collection of Leather, Tapestry and 
Velour Upholstered pieces which we have now on 
view, it is easy to select old-time “Wing Chairs,” 
“Club Chairs,” Rockers or Davenports adapted 
to the fullest comfort, and at PRICES WITHIN 
THE PURCHASING POWER OF ALL. 
Our TRADEMARK and SEVENTY 
YEARS’ REPUTATION is your 
GUARANTEE. 
I - 
Your 
i tires wear 
longer. 
And whole car looks spick 
and span after tires are 
coated with 
® French’s London White 
Whitire 
(Trade Mark; 
Universally endorsed by those 
who take pride in the appear¬ 
ance of their cars. 
Quickly and easily applied. 
$ 1.00 Size Can, sufficient for 5 months* 
®§|g 
25c. 
. 
I Special trial Can 
■ enough for 4 tires 
£ This offer is limited 
I Samuel H. French & Co. 
411 Callowhill St., 
Philadelphia, 
u-- v 
, ,|5 
Has a distinctive 
quality, a rich 
fragrance, which 
from every other 
appeals to all 
and refinement, 
forms the daily 
luxury and a 
the best thing 
shaving and 
purpose; an 
sity in every 
invigorating 
land permanent 
I distinguishes i t 
j toilet water, and 
j people of taste 
Its use trans- 
b a t h into a 
delight. It is 
to use after 
for every toilet 
actual neces- 
| household. 
ACCEPT NO SUBSTITUTE! 
SOLD BY ALL LEADIN G DRUGGISTS 
Sample mailed on receipt of six cents to 
defray mailing charges. 
ixmm & kemp , 
135 Water Street 
New York 
preciation is not excessive, hence the 
yearly expense of hot-air heating will be 
$109. 
As an investment a heating apparatus 
engages attention to the same financial 
considerations that relate to any form of 
investment from which a return of the 
money invested is expected. 
Inversely a penny saved is a penny 
earned. 
Hot-water heating costs per year, 
$82.50; steam-heating, $99.50 and hot-air 
heating, $109. 
It will be of interest to consider why 
one type of apparatus requires more fuel 
than another. Heat, like gas, provisions, 
electricity, clothing, etc., has a unit of 
measure and it is convenient to consider 
it by its unit of measurement as we do 
the cubic feet, pounds, gallons, watts, 
yards, etc., of other commodities. 
Manufacturers of boilers or heaters 
publish capacities in their catalogues, 
which are expressed in the number of 
square feet of radiating surface the heat¬ 
ers are competent to supply, and it is 
ostensibly the object of the manufacturer 
to name the capacity of each boiler which 
will most accurately express its maximum 
efficiency, i. e., its greatest capacity for 
doing work when it is utilizing the largest 
percentage of the total heat units gen¬ 
erated from the fuel burned in it. 
Engineers who design heating systems 
usually base their calculations upon the 
heat units necessary to warm the rooms 
to 70 degs. in zero weather. 
The burning of coal in the domestic 
heater is usually accomplished at tempera¬ 
tures ranging from 1000 degs. Fahr. 
to 2000 degs. Fahr. and the percentage 
of heat units thus generated which are 
transferred from the fire to the water 
surrounding the fire determines the effi¬ 
ciency of the heater. 
The material (cast iron) of which 
steam and hot-water heaters are usually 
constructed, is the same and therefore 
does not affect the present calculation. 
The rapidity (consequently the quan¬ 
tity) of heat transmission from one me¬ 
dium (fire) to another (water) through 
an intervening substance (iron) is di¬ 
rectly dependent upon the difference in 
the temperature of the two mediums. 
In steam heating the water surrounding 
the fire is never less than 212 degs. Fahr. 
In hot water heating the average tempera¬ 
ture for the season, of the water return¬ 
ing to the heater will be less than 120 
degs. Fahr.. which makes almost 100 degs. 
greater difference in transmission activity 
in favor of hot-water heating. 
In the hot-water heating of the house 
referred to above, to 70 degs. Fahr. dur¬ 
ing zero weather, there will be required 
108,000 heat units per hour to maintain 
the 70 degs. temperature of the rooms 
and 6363 heat units per hour for warm¬ 
ing the air supplied by the indirect radia¬ 
tors; a total of 114,363 units per hour 
delivered into the rooms; and this quan¬ 
tity of heat net, is all that it will be nec¬ 
essary to produce from a hot-water heater. 
In writing to advertisers please mention House and Garden. 
