HOUSE AND GARDEN 
November, 1911 
337 
Although cast iron, these indestructible gutters 
do not look any heavier than one of tin or 
copper. They are made in two styles. This is 
the hanging one. The moulded face is more 
ornamental. 
PUT THIS GUTTER 
ON YOUR HOUSE 
IT IS INDESTRUCTIBLE 
T HE gutters on your house being 
up out of reach and out of 
sight you can’t tell whether the 
paint is on or off, and first thing 
you know they are leaking and the 
side of your house is all streaked. 
You endeavor to get every other 
part of your house as lasting as pos¬ 
sible, so why make an exception to 
your gutters—one of the most im¬ 
portant of items ? 
England has experimented with 
this kind of gutters we make for 
two centuries or more. So you are 
not endangering your house by try¬ 
ing out some new fangle thing. 
They are made of cast iron. A 
high grade iron cast smooth, 
straight and of uniform thickness. 
They will outlast the best copper 
gutter you can buy, and won’t begin 
to cost as much. 
They form an ornamental feature 
of the eave—are easy to erect—need 
no repairs. 
Let us send you short lengths of 
each kind of gutter at our expense. 
We want you to see the gutter itself, 
and we will leave the rest to your 
sense of the practical. 
Send for circular and along will 
come the gutter lengths. 
Half Round gutters are made in 6 feet lengths 
and in two different sizes. 
HITCHINGS & COMPANY 
Spring Street Elizabeth, N. J. 
SUN 
DIALS 
A Beautiful Illustrated Book¬ 
let, “WHERE SUN DIALS 
ARE MADE,” sent upon re- 
Any Latitude qu#! “- E,timates furnUhed - 
E. B. METRO WITZ, 101 East 23d St., New York 
Branches: New York, Minneapolis, St. Paul, London. Paris 
With hot-air furnace heating it is usual 
in the best practice to limit the velocity 
of hot air entering the rooms through the 
registers to about four feet per second. 
The house in question should have a total 
free area of registers of about three and 
one-half square feet. With the above 
area and velocity the furnace will deliver 
into the house 50,400 cubic feet of air 
per hour. This volume of air must be 
heated from o clegs, to 70 degs., the tem¬ 
perature of the rooms, and such heating 
will require 64,120 heat units. In addi¬ 
tion there must be supplied 108,000 units 
to maintain the 70 degs. in the rooms 
against the usual losses, making a total de¬ 
mand upon the furnace for 172,120 heat 
units per hour. 
Assuming the efficiency of the hot-air 
furnace in producing heat from coal equal 
to that of the hot-water heater and that 
8,000 heat units per pound of average 
quality of coal is the amount of heat de¬ 
livered to the rooms, then we determine 
that it will require 14.3 lbs. of coal per 
hour for hot-water heating and 21.5 lbs. 
of coal per hour for hot-air heating. 
It will be well to note that the volume 
of air required to convey the heat from 
the furnace to the rooms, as above, will 
need to be heated to a temperature of 131 
degs. Fahr., which is as high a point as 
consideration of health will permit. A 
smaller volume of air at a higher tempera¬ 
ture would be pernicious. 
Another important point of difference 
between hot-water and hot-air heating 
is that the air entering the room through 
the register flows almost directly to the 
ceiling and has but little effect upon the 
cooler strata of air near the floor. The 
hot-water radiator induces a flow of the 
cool air near the floor toward itself, and 
heats it, thus contributing to more nearly 
equal temperatures at the floor and ceil¬ 
ing of the room. 
A point of advantage in hot-water over 
steam is that in the former method mod¬ 
erate temperatures of the water will serve 
both direct and indirect radiators at the 
same time, but with steam at 212 degs. 
and no gauge pressure, the direct radi¬ 
ators may be sufficiently heated, and the 
steam will have no appreciable effect upon 
the indirect. 
In the relative acceptability of the hot- 
water, steam and hot-air apparatus in 
their adaptability to the structural, archi¬ 
tectural and decorative features of the 
house, one is confronted with the prob¬ 
lem of providing spaces for registers or 
radiators as the case may be. 
In the matter of locating them so as 
not to displace the rugs, the radiator be¬ 
ing much narrower than the register, its 
position next the wall seldom interferes, 
while the floor register does. 
The pipes of the hot-water system are 
readily concealed within the walls with¬ 
out special structural provision or cutting 
important timbers of the frame, which is 
nearly always necessary in providing 
spaces for the large caliber hot-air pipes. 
In the earlier piping methods employed, 
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Adjusting themselves J 
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Antiques? 
Interior SDecoration 
MBS. HEBBEBT NELSON CUKTIS 
21 But 84th Street NEW YOEK CITY 
TBLKPHONK 2970 MADISON 
In writing to advertisers please mention House and Garden. 
