The Beautifying of Cities 
THE GROUP PLAN PROJECTED FOR THE CITY OK CLEVELAND 
By the Board of Supervision composed of Daniel H. Burnham, John M. Carrere and Arnold H. Brunner 
A View over the City looking toward the Lake 
1 find that the more I study the subject, 
the more apparent it is to me that there are 
a few cardinal principles which can be consid¬ 
ered as essential to city building and city 
development. 
First. Circulation : Convenient, adequate 
and direct circulation, by which I mean pro¬ 
viding ample facility for every sort of traffic, 
so arranged as to connect every point of the 
city in the most direct and adequate possible 
manner with any other point no matter how 
distant. 
Second. Hygiene : That is to say, the 
promotion of health by providing for every 
scientific means of sanitation, drainage and 
especially of natural ventilation, by which 1 
mean that a certain proportion should be 
established throughout every city between 
the voids, and the solids, the areas covered 
by buildings and other improvements and 
those reserved for air and light. 
Third. The sEsthetic Side, by which 1 mean 
the science of solving the first two problems 
and all the problems dependent thereon in 
an artistic way. 
I n our cities,and in fact in our whole mode 
of life, we separate work from pleasure, the 
practical from the beautiful, instead of blend¬ 
ing them as is so skilfully done by the older 
nations of the world. A street is apt to be 
nothing but a thoroughfare, so that we must 
go and come and travel upon it without en¬ 
joyment, which we must seek elsewhere at 
given points laid aside for this particular 
purpose. But there is no reason why our 
streets should not be thoroughfares and 
breathing spaces and pleasure grounds all in 
one. Neither is there any reason why we 
should not get as much pleasure in traveling 
through our streets during working hours 
as at other times. 
Take Paris and almost any large European 
city as an example, and you will find that 
their main thoroughfares are beautiful ave¬ 
nues, parks in themselves—cool and shady— 
with plenty of air and light and all manner 
of attractions. 'File beauty of a street in¬ 
duces beauty in buildings and adds beauty 
to life, whereas the confusion of streets and 
jumble of buildings that surround us in our 
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