House & Garden 
Y OU who love the out-of-doors and the sun- 
flecked charm of lawn and garden will find in 
a Garden-Craft display a veritable 
treasure trove of delightful sug 
gestions. 
(^arden-Craft in¬ 
cludes a complete 
selection of 
ARBORS 
ARCHES 
BENCHES 
BRIDGES 
CHAIRS 
FENCES 
GATES 
GROTTOES 
PERGOLAS 
SWINGS 
TABLES 
JAPANES^E 
WOODWORK 
The stores which carry GARDEN- 
CRAFT are listed below. If none 
of these are convenient to you, 
send 20 cents in stamps for the 
112-page Garden-Craft Handbook. 
THE MATHEWS MFG. COMPANY 
LAKEWOOD, CLEVELAND, O. 
‘Designers and Craftsmen 
r^athews 7 ^, _ 
Garden^Craft 
is on display and for sale at the following stores: 
The Pettiboi 
MASSILLON Geo. L. Hackett 
MXLWALKLE,W- 
MINNEAPOLIS, 
St 
“•rasHs 
American Sculpture for American Gardens 
(Continued from page 70) 
. collector ing characteristic in American sculpture 
to be ex- it is that of intense vitality. Scarcely 
demy. It less notable is the expression of the 
afterward wholesome joy of living. It would seem 
of as if the sculptors were inspired by the 
ent spirit of the young nation, glorying in 
to its youth, its ideals, its golden dreams. 
American sculpture has been unusually 
garden free from exotic influence. It repre- 
ndscape sents America at its best, with its true 
In an- national ideals, 
other sunny space, where flowers grow. It would hardly be fair to single out 
he will put a sun dial, to measure the for mention the work of individuals, 
summer hours. Elsewhere, where state- when thirty or forty men and women 
liness is required, an ambitious figure or are doing such splendid work. They 
group is required. At the edge of the are an earnest group and they appre- 
grove, where feathered denizens sing in ciate to the fullest the opportunity and 
the joy of a protected home, there will the privilege that is theirs. Already 
be a bird bath. In a hidden nook, a they lead the world, and if, as many of 
wood nymph or a fawn will suggest a us believe, America is about to enter 
classical legend. into its golden age of art, some of them 
American sculptors have arisen to all can be depended upon to chisel their 
these opportunities, with fancy and names in the Hall of Immortals, where 
with spirit. If there is one distinguish- all who come after may read. 
From Candles to Incandescence 
(Continued from page 37) 
completely fills all the ideals of quality 
just mentioned. 
There is no light so restful and agree¬ 
able in quality to the eye as candle light 
and no light is kindlier to the appear¬ 
ance of a room. The radiance is mild 
and diffused, shadows are not cut sharp 
nor exaggerated, and the colors in furni¬ 
ture and decorations are not outraged. 
The volume of light can easily be regu¬ 
lated by the number of candles. 
Using Candles 
Candles as a means of lighting are 
perfectly practicable. The only possible 
objections that can be urged against 
them with any show of validity are cost 
and bother. Neither obstacle is very 
serious; the former can be ingeniously 
circumvented, if necessary, the small 
amount of the latter is not worth con¬ 
sidering if one values the agreeable effect 
of their rooms. Wax candles, of course. 
mighty satisfactoty^ for_ genwaj^ use ^and 
exposed to a strong draft. 
It is well to have a good broad glass 
d?pptgs^cL^^?en“f^easity"^re?oved 
without dirt or trouble. As a rule, the 
i?ia7y \te"TmportaJf tS-rcand^^^ 
is, in itself, an object of grace and 
beauty, but its chaste and dignified sim¬ 
plicity of line is marred and hidden 
when its shaft is surmounted with a top- 
heavy, frilly contrivance resembling an 
abbreviated ballet skirt. Upon the mak¬ 
ing of such shades entirety too much 
valuable energy is wasted. The flame 
of the candle, too, is an essential part 
of its beauty; when it is hidden we lose 
a decorative asset that contributes a 
desirable note of brilliancy. The gleam 
is not disagreeable to the eye if the can¬ 
dle is of the proper height and property 
placed. For the dinner table use tall 
candles, tall enough to keep the flame 
above the level of the eye. For the 
library, living-room, or drawing-room, 
sconces will be at a sufficient height, 
and portable candles may be so disposed 
on mantels, the tops of bookshelves, 
tables or cabinets, that the flames are 
comfortably above eye level. 
Next in line comes oil. The light is 
agreeable to the eye and satisfactory in 
its action upon decorations and furnish¬ 
ings. The degree of light and its regu¬ 
lation depend entirety upon the kinds 
of lamps used and the shades employed. 
It is a sufficient and convenient illumi- 
nant and practicable if the lamps are intel¬ 
ligently tended and their wicks trimmed. 
For purely practical reasons, small 
lamps are generally undesirable and bet¬ 
ter results are gained by using medium¬ 
sized or large lamps. A wide choice in 
lamps and shades is possible, but this is 
entirety within the householder’s or deco¬ 
rator’s province and to be decided by 
the needs of the individual case. 
Gas, unless well shaded, is trying to 
the eye, the light is sharp and harsh, 
and colors suffer under the rays. When 
burned through chemically prepared fila¬ 
ments or other intensifying devices, the 
greenish or intense white quality of the 
light is unpleasant, disastrous to color, 
and produces a ghastly effect. The car¬ 
dinal recommendations of gas are con¬ 
venience and cheapness. 
Electricity is convenient, clean and 
brilliant. Unless fully shaded it is even 
harder on the eyes than gas and casts 
sharp, exaggerated shadows. Its rays 
are more disturbing to color values than 
those of gas, except when bulbs or 
shades, colored to neutralize or temper 
the light, are used. Such are, however, 
contrived with great ingenuity and pro¬ 
duce agreeable results. Gas mechanically 
or chemically intensified, and electricity 
with high voltage bulbs, may be ap¬ 
propriate in public places and com¬ 
mercial establishments; in domestic in¬ 
teriors they have no proper place. 
Lighting Fixtures 
Now we come to the constructive and 
suggestive part of our discussion. Archi¬ 
tectural or fixed lighting appliances may 
be divided into those (1) that depend 
from the ceiling and (2) those that are 
fixed to the walls. The dependent group 
includes chandeliers, hanging lamps,, 
hanging lanterns, and drops. The af¬ 
fixed group includes sconces, girandoles, 
wall lamps, wall lanterns and sundry 
sorts of brackets. Portable appliances 
belong in a class by themselves and will 
not here be considered; the householder 
or decorator can best adjust them to 
the individual case. 
Impressive and large chandeliers, for 
candles, gas or electricity, are appropri- 
a.te in large, stately, formal rooms with 
high ceilings or in lofty halls, hanging,, 
perhaps, in the open space of the stair¬ 
well. In small or informal rooms they 
have no place at all. 
Smaller chandeliers with only a few 
lights, known as “hanging branches’^ 
until the early part of the 18th Century, 
allow greater latitude of use. As de¬ 
signers for gas and electric appliances 
for chandeliers have generally conformed 
to candle traditions, the principles ap¬ 
ply equally to the use of all sorts. 
(Continued on page 74) 
