Aug. 9, 1913. 
FOREST AND STREAM 
163 
polluting the streams with the waste from his 
mill, turn that waste into pecuniary profit. 
No State in the Union has lovelier streams 
and lakes than the Keystone State of Pennsyl¬ 
vania. The steamers meander through the val¬ 
leys, and should be kept so pure that they would 
not only be a paradise for fish, but a source 
of water supply for the inhabitants who people 
the banks and the stock that graze upon the 
fields. The lakes of Pennsylvania lie like jewels 
nestling among the hills, and their pollution 
would be a crime. Speaking of the water sup¬ 
ply, this is one of the greatest questions that 
the people of modern times have to meet. New 
York city alone is spending hundreds of mil- 
lions of dollars to secure an adequate supply 
of pure water for the use of its inhabitants 
and to clear up the pollution of the harbor. 
The child learns to read by beginning with 
the letter A of the alphabet, and the clarifica¬ 
tion of the water supply should have its first 
step in stopping all pollution at its source. You, 
gentlemen, have been among the most flagrant 
violators in the past, and yet it is to be hoped 
that from your well-known public spirit, backed 
by the economies to which I have alluded to 
above, you will be among the first to take the 
most stringent steps to bring about the stoppage 
of pollution and co-operate in every way with 
the fishery authorities in securing purer water 
in which the fish can thrive and multiply. 
Controlling the Tobacco Hornworm. 
BY UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
Growers of dark tobacco in Kentucky and 
Tennessee have a serious problem in the ever¬ 
present tobacco hornworms, which are great 
chewers of green tobacco. When labor was 
plentiful and cheap, “hand worming” was an 
economical and efficient way to combat the pest. 
For several years labor in these tobacco-growing 
districts has become scarce and also inefficient, 
so growers have been forced to resort to in¬ 
secticides. Naturally, Paris green was tried and 
found to be the safest and most efficient of any 
on the market, but there has always been com¬ 
plaint of frequent and serious burning of to¬ 
bacco as a result of its use. 
For five years employes of the Department 
of Agriculture have been conducting investiga¬ 
tions looking for a safe and effective insecticide, 
and have determined that di-plumbic arsenate of 
lead meets all requirements. 
A thorough application of this insecticide 
will kill practically every hornworm within two 
or three days after being applied and will con¬ 
tinue for several days to kill the young worms 
that hatch without any injury to the plant. 
Arsenate of lead costs more than Paris green, 
and if the comparative cost were the only ques¬ 
tion, it would be useless to recommend the 
former, but the first cost is only a secondary 
consideration. The object is to kill the worms 
and not injure the plants, and the certainty of 
this compensates for the extra cost of the arsen¬ 
ate of lead. Arsenate of lead must be mixed 
with a carrier and applied with a dust gun. 
Finely sifted, freshly burned wood ashes make 
the best carrier, and at least a bulk equal to the 
insecticide should be used. The best guns are 
those with a fan diameter of eight inches, with 
an auxiliary dust chamber. 
Apply the mixture when the dew is on the 
plants and there is no breeze, and make the 
application thorough. 
Do not wait too long. The first application 
should be made when the worms become too 
numerous to be kept off by the hand picking 
that is usually done while hoeing, suckering, or 
topping, and a second and even a third applica¬ 
tion may be necessary. 
To save the crop, applications must be given 
when the number of eggs and young worms in¬ 
dicate the need, and the dose per acre of the 
arsenate of lead will vary from three and one- 
half pounds before the plants have begun to lap 
in the row to five pounds when the tobacco is 
full grown. If applied as a spray, use three to 
four pounds in one hundred gallons of water. 
Those interested in the subject can find detailed 
information in Entomology Circular 173, recent¬ 
ly issued by the U. S. Department of Agricul¬ 
ture, entitled “Arsenate of Lead as an Insecti¬ 
cide Against the Tobacco Hornworms,” by A. C. 
Morgan and D. C. Parman, entomological assist¬ 
ants. 
Fishing Song. 
There was a little spider 
Fell plunk into the brook, 
A little minnie happened by— 
And now the bug’s a spook. 
Oh, the fishing life is a merry life! 
What ho. for the angler’s tale! 
The song I sing is a simple thing— 
It runs right up the scale. 
A black bass ate the minnie 
Before he stopped to think, 
And a pick’rel ate the said black bass 
While swimming in the drink. 
Oh, the fishing life is a merry life! 
What ho, for the angler’s tale! 
The song I sing is a simple thing— 
It runs right up the scale. 
Jim Washburn caught the pickerel 
With a hook an’ a hick’ry limb. 
And old Si Perkins’ dater Sue 
She up and landed Jim! 
Oh, the fishing life is a merry life! 
What ho, for the angler’s tale! 
The song I sing is a simple thing— 
It runs right up the scale. 
—N. Y. Evening Sun. 
Blight-Killed Chestnut Can Be Used. 
The inroads of the chestnut bark disease, 
or chestnut blight, on the chestnut trees of New 
England and the Middle Atlantic States, is re¬ 
sulting in the death of a great deal of chestnut 
timber. Officials of the U. S. Department of 
Agriculture recommend, to prevent the spread 
of the disease, that shipments of chestnut tim¬ 
ber should include only material from which the 
bark has been removed, and from which the 
diseased spots have been cut out. 
In the region affected there is a good mar¬ 
ket for all chestnut products except cordwood. 
The demand for poles and ties absorbs all that 
are offered, and lumber finds ready sale in local 
markets. Cordwood, however, is often a drug 
except within shipping distance of tanning ex¬ 
tract plants, brass foundries, lime kilns, brick 
yards and charcoal plants. 
The question has arisen as to whether the 
disease-killed timber is less valuable than that 
from green trees. Strength tests made by the 
Forest Service indicate that sound wood from 
chestnut killed by the bark disease is as strong 
as that from green timber. 
The bark disease kills the tree by girdling 
the trunk, and does not cause unsound or de¬ 
cayed wood, which is the result of attack by 
fungi or insects. Until two years after the 
death of the tree, the wood generally remains 
sound, though at the end of that time insects 
have commenced working in the sapwood. Three 
years after death the sapwood is honey-combed 
with insect burrows; in four years it has de¬ 
cayed and begins to dry and peel off in the 
fifth year. After this the heartwood checks 
badly. To avoid loss, therefore, all timber should 
be used within two years after being killed. 
At a recent meeting in Trenton, N. J., 
foresters were present from most of the States 
in which the chestnut bark disease is prevalent. 
Connecticut, New Jersey, New York, Pennsyl¬ 
vania, Virginia, West Virginia, North Carolina 
and the Forest Service and the Bureau of Plant 
Industry were represented. Representatives of 
the States approved the investigations under¬ 
taken by the Forest Service, and recommended 
that the individual States give particular atten¬ 
tion to the development of local markets for 
stands of blight-killed chestnut. Owners of such 
timber should apply to the State foresters or 
to the Forest Service for further information 
upon the uses and markets for chestnut. 
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