Nov. i, 1913. 
FOREST AND STREAM 
563 
The volume of material in the form of 
books, bound leaflets and field glasses, sold from 
the office has been more than doubled during 
the year. In the office the secretary now has the 
constant help of twelve busy assistants. 
FINANCIAL. 
During the year fees for thirty-six life mem¬ 
berships have been received, making the total 
life membership to date seventy-two. The sus¬ 
taining members have increased in number from 
1,625 to 2,336. The income of the association 
for general expenses has amounted to over 
$70,000. In addition to this the following 
sums have been added to the permanent endow¬ 
ment fund: By gift, from the heirs of L. F. 
Dommerich. $5,000; by bequest of Carolina M. 
Martin, $1,900; and from life members, $3,600. 
or $10,500 in all. Thus, it will be seen that the 
gross income of the association for the year ex¬ 
ceeded the very gratifying sum of $80,000, which 
is over $21,000 more than the income last year. 
As is well known, the most difficult problem 
confronting those engaged in work of the 
character in which we are working is the secur¬ 
ing of sufficient funds to meet pressing needs 
and admit of normal growth. Much of your 
secretary's time and attention is, therefore, 
necessarily exended in fostering this particular 
feature of the Audubon movement without which 
it would be impossible to carry forward our vari¬ 
ous activities. 
In this connection your secretary wishes the 
membership to know that as the executive officer 
of this association, he constantly feels a deep 
sense of gratitude to the other officers and mem¬ 
bers of the board for their constant and hearty 
personal co-operation in the great work which, 
three years ago, he dared to undertake; and 
should he, in a moment of weakness, point with 
pride to the fact that the income and working 
force of the association has, during that time, 
more than doubled he would have it known also 
that this has been in large part due to the kind¬ 
ly, sympathetic support which the board has 
given his every effort, both in moments of up¬ 
lift and in times of discouragement. 
CONCLUSION. 
And now a word as to the future. The pas¬ 
sage of the splendid Federal bird protective laws 
the past year, and the strengthening of many 
State laws to a point which seems to make them 
little short of perfect, does not mean that our 
troubles are at an end. These measures will 
doubtless be assailed in the courts, and never 
has there been a time when the influences of 
wise and earnest educational endeavor were more 
needed than at present. 
In addition to the lines of work in which 
we have already engaged, there are new fields of 
opportunity opening before us the coming year, 
and the future holds much in the way of service 
which will call for stoutest hearts and most 
courageous minds. 
Flint Arrow Points. 
BY E. L. BAILEY. 
I understand by reading recent articles in 
Forest and Stream that there is a question with 
some as to whether our Indians really made the 
flint arrow points found all over this country, 
and which points they used to tip their arrows. 
It appears that some think that our Indians were 
unable to work such a hard substance, and that 
the flint implements were made by some race of 
people inhabiting our country previous to the 
Indians found here by our first settlers. The 
evidence we have seems to me to show that these 
flint arrow points or heads and other stone im¬ 
plements were made by none but our Indians 
themselves, and in the records of the lost colony, 
at Roanoke Island, by John White, you may 
read that the Indians were very cunning in 
shaping and fitting small pieces of flint to their 
arrows. 
Having collected a large number of such 
relics, and being interested in this subject, I read 
with interest several accounts of how the Indians 
managed to shape such hard material. An article 
in a scientific journal claimed that the Indians 
heated in a fire the flint to be shaped and chipped 
away the small flakes as desired by dropping 
with a straw a drop of water at the point where 
a flake was to be removed, the small flake of 
flint popping away when touched by the drop 
of water. And in the September number of a 
magazine devoted to mechanics I saw an illus¬ 
tration of this same process. As for myself I 
have been unable to shape a flint by this means. 
I also read an account of how a boy in Min¬ 
nesota had discovered how to make the flint 
arrow points, and that he had presented the 
Smithsonian Institution with a set of beautifully 
shaped flint arrow points. This article stated 
that he used to shape the flint two sticks, one 
pointed and cigar shape about six inches in 
length, one twelve to fourteen inches and an inch 
to an inch and a quarter thick. The manner of 
using them was to press the pointed stick against 
the flint, and then rap the stick smartly with the 
other stick, a small flake of flint flying off as in 
the straw and water process. 
After trying faithfully I am unsuccessful in 
making the small piece of flint detach itself and 
fly off. I often wondered how the Indians man¬ 
aged to shape their flint arrow points so nicely, 
and I at last discovered quite accidentally a very 
simple way in which I can make a flint arrow 
point; and as the implements required are found 
lying about in company with the material 
needed, I am inclined to believe that the Indians 
used a similar, if not the same method. In 
pounding on broken pieces of real arrow points 
I learned how the stone was inclined to shatter 
off in small flakes, and in the sketches shown, 
the line of cleavage of the chips of flakes was 
always as Figs. 5, 6 and 7. I found that a flint 
boulder freshly taken from the water worked 
more readily than some fragment left by the 
Indians high and dry. I also found that it is 
quite necessary to know at which point to begin 
in order to produce an arrow point, Fig. 1. It 
