Hou se and Garden 
HOW NATURE HELPS 
where the popular phrase “ mountain bunga¬ 
low” means simply an inexpensive summer 
home of limited dimensions. 
In all cobble work, especially in chimney 
building, good foundations are of hrst im¬ 
portance. The cracks in the stone work 
that will surely result Irom 
carelessness in this respect are 
more unsightly and more dis¬ 
astrous in cobble walls than 
in those of rougher stone of 
uneven surfaces. In regard to 
foundations much depends on 
the natural bed upon which 
we are to build. Rock, as 
may be supposed, is the most 
substantial, and next to this 
gravel or hard-pan. Large, Hat 
stones should be placed at the 
bottom, and when these do not 
get a perfect bearing, they 
should be imbedded in a layer 
of cement or concrete, the thick¬ 
ness depending upon the nature 
of the substratum. 
When there is any part of a foundation 
resting upon a rock, it is necessary, if prac¬ 
ticable, to run all the trenches down to this; 
for in case the portion resting upon the ground 
should yield, that upon the rock remaining 
solid, the walls must settle unequally, thereby 
materially injuring the building, and throw¬ 
ing it out of level. 
Chimneys, owing to their height, and also 
to the fact that little attention is usually paid 
to their foundations, are very apt to settle, 
and where they join the walls of the build¬ 
ing, cracks are sometimes found extending 
throughout their length. A cobble-work 
chimney of goodly dimensions will naturally 
be tbe heaviest portion of the bungalow, even 
when cobble walls form a decorative founda¬ 
tion above the soil. The chimney should 
accordingly be placed upon tbe natural 
foundation. If there is a shelf of rock on 
the building site on a mountain slope, if 
possible have the plan of the building so 
arranged that the chimney may be erected 
upon this firm natural foundation, with the 
made foundations of stone and concrete 
supporting the remainder of the building. 
For the interior finish, and the ornamental 
work about tbe open fireplaces, cobble work 
is more appropriate than any other field 
stone that could be used. The rough stone 
frequently used for this purpose, owing to 
the coarseness of its surface, presents a very 
objectionable feature before it has been long 
in use. I he inevitable collection of soot and 
AN EFFECT WITH RAKED-OUT JOINTS 
218 
