The Planning of Open Spaces in the City 
ENTRANCE TO THE PLACE STANISLAS, NANCY 
which Sitte calls the plan en bras ,de turbine [fig. 
12]. It is repeated so frequently, more or less com¬ 
pletely according to circumstances, that it may be 
considered one of the conscious or unconscious prin¬ 
ciples of the construction of ancient cities The 
streets thus leading off perpendicularly instead of 
horizontally to the visual rays, the angle joints, so to 
speak, of the frame are not obtrusive. The Piazza 
del Duomo at Pistoia [fig. 13] is another example. 
The archway or colonnade is a feature employed 
with splendid variety of effect to complete the girdle 
of buildings in open spaces. The Piazza Signoria at 
Verona [fig. 14] is one of many instances, the hemi- 
cycle of the sixteenth-century Place de la Carriere at 
