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does not determine theAquestion. Of 
the walls of towns, temples, amphi¬ 
theatres, baths, aqueducts and bridges 
there are some, though very imperfect, 
remains, in which chimneys cannot be 
expected; but of common dwelling- 
houses none are to be seen, except at 
Herculaneum, and there no traces of 
chimneys have yet been discovered. 
T he paintings and pieces of sculpture 
which are preserved afford as little infor¬ 
mation, for nothing can be perceived in 
them which bears the smallest resem¬ 
blance to a modern chimney. If there 
were no funnels in the houses of the 
ancients to carry off the smoke the direc¬ 
tions given by Columella, to make kit¬ 
chens so high that the roof should not 
catch fire, were of the utmost impor¬ 
tance. An accident of the kind, which 
the author seems to have apprehended, 
had almost happened at Beneventum, 
when the landlord who entertained 
Maecenas and his company was making 
a strong fire in order to get some birds 
the sooner roasted. Had there been 
chimneys in the Roman houses, Vitru¬ 
vius certainly would not have failed to 
describe their construction, which is 
sometimes attended with considerable 
difficulties, and which is intimately 
connected with the regulation of the 
plan of the whole edifice. He does not, 
however, say a word on the subject; 
neither does Julius Pollux, who has 
collected with great care the Greek 
names of every part of a dwelling-house; 
and Grapaldus, who in later times made 
a collection of the Latin terms, has not 
given a Latin word expressive of a 
modern chimney .—The Architect. 
UNROLLING PAPYRI FOR ONE HUN¬ 
DRED AND TWENTY YEARS 
TN June, 1750, excavations were be- 
gun in the west end of the garden 
of the “House of the Papyri” writes 
Ethel Ross Barker in the “ Burlington 
Magazine” in an article on “Past Ex¬ 
cavations at Herculaneum.” In the 
library were cases in inlaid wood con¬ 
taining lumps of charcoal many of which 
were thrown away. Finally characters 
were noticed on some of them and they 
were discovered to be papyri. A monk, 
Father Piazzio, invented a machine for 
unrolling them and for 120 years scholars 
were busy in the work of deciphering and 
editing. Some of the original rolls 
opened and unopened exist in the Bod¬ 
leian Library and in the British Museum. 
32 
9 18215 
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