or built more permanently. When constructed of used material we find the cost 
moderate, around 30c per sq. ft. covered. These houses are largely used for the big 
standards that must be protected more closely against rot or spotting than pompons. 
We run a few 1 inch steam pipes through these houses for we sometimes have 
days of damp cold weather and occasionally a real frost that should be guarded 
against with the drying effect of some heat. 
The past season we noted a successfully flowered crop in an outdoor 6 ft. bed 
with a frame built over it for covering with sash; instead of glass the sash were 
covered with a water proofed cloth. This protection was not used until after buds 
were taken. We should add that the frame work for the sash also served for the 
black cloth shading. This low cost plan was noted about Philadelphia, but I believe 
that with the use of early October varieties, it would be successfully used in our 
earlier frost latitude. We are planning to try it out with 60 day varieties, starting 
the shade July 15th. With such open-side construction as this, or our cold houses, 
some trouble must be anticipated with outdoor insects, such as grasshoppers and 
corn-borers which did us some damage last season. Only effective thing we could 
do was hand pick them, but for the benefit of chewing insects generally, nothing 
is more efficient than Arsenate of Lead, except for the corn-borer that bores into 
the flowers. For leaf tyers, nothing is better than the Pyrethrum sprays, and when 
mealy bugs must be contended with, use Lethane 420. 
We must, in our latitude, be prepared to protect young stock from frost if planted 
out before the 15th or 20th of May. For good Commercial flowers we space to 
allow around 50 sq. inches for each stem or flower, somewhat more, about 7x8 for 
strong growing or large leaved kind and 6x8 for the general run of varieties. This 
fall we noted several good growers, using two plants together, spacing 8x12, instead 
of individually 6x8. This probably allows freer circulation of air, and it does per- 
Showing method of applying black-cloth shade. This shading plan requires two 
men, a half-hour to let down the cloth, and the same time to put up. Much less 
cloth is required when covered in this way than when beds are covered, side and 
top individually. In large houses with no obstructing posts, the entire area, includ¬ 
ing walks should be covered as a single unit. 
“Enclose Your Mum With Your Seed Order" 
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