they stood in the nursery row. Top soil should be put in first and the dirt gently firmed 
.IS it is being put in (do not ram norpound dirt in), and see that roots are imbedded 
in a natural way, and not crowded. We contend that a hole made good and roomy, 
enough so to receive the tree in good shape without crowding, is better, for we believe 
that, by having the hole right in size, aliout 3 by 3 feet, trees make a better start the 
first year, and are not so liable to dryout. In pruning the roots when setting, they 
should be given each one a clean cut at ends with a sharp knife; this also applies to 
the tap root. There is nothing technical about setting tress; only necessary to use good 
judgment. 
TIME OF PLANTING: Walnuts can be set, beginning in the fall and throughout 
the winter and on up to spring, this being true al.-^o of all trees. Winter setting is pre- 
fc'Ted, for the reason that in setting in the winter, they get started off with a root sys-- 
tern as spring opens up, and in setting in the spring they have to make this root system 
before they can start; and if it should happen that we had a dry season, the winter 
planting will not suffer, as those set in the late spring. 
SOURC E OF SCION WOOD: Our long experience as nurserymen and orchardists 
lias proved to us that the selection of scion wood for propagating is the most essential 
factor in the securing of quality and high productivity. The first grafted walnut trees 
gi’own and sold in the Northwest prove that there was a big field for selection, as the 
most of them were of very poor quality. The scion wood for our nursery stock is taken 
from the best of Grafted Viooman Franquette walnut trees, having records in production 
and quality. This is the best insurance for your future walnut grove. 
ROOT STOCK USED: We consider, after many years of experience in growing 
grafted walnuts, that the California Black Walnut is far superior to any other type of 
root system. They make excellent unions, are strong and hardy growers, and will iivo- 
duce a commercial tree at S years far supeiior in size to those that have been grafted 
on the Eastern or American Black Walnut root. This is a proven fact and can be pointed 
out to those interested. The American Black is being used by some growers but is found 
to produce a constriction at the union, which is considered a serious feature by propa¬ 
gators. Our stock is grafted high enough from the ground to safeguard against the loss 
of trees by mushroom rot, which often occurs where trees are improperly grafted close 
to the ground. We sug'gest the use of tree protectors the first and second year on all 
>oung trees. 
HOW WALNUTS ARE PRl'NED: There is a difference of opinion with many suc- 
ce.csful walnut growers as to methods of piuning, and this is mostly to be worked out 
by each individual planter. 
The most used and popular style of pruning, up to recently, has been to start a 
high head, around six feet and higher. Another system of pruning is to cut the tree, 
when set out, around and under two feet high, but in catting low be sure that you have 
a sufficient number of good buds left to start trees off. After a tree is cut back, the 
several buds which you have left will start out; let them grow until they are far enough 
along for you to determine which one will be the best and sti'ongest; then take off all 
of them, leaving this selected one to grow up and make your tree. In the meantime 
set a stake by the tree to train this new branch to, and the second year tiain center 
lad up to 7 or 8 feet. Let branches form at this point. 
The height to start walnut head, and system of forming, should be left up to the 
planter, he to make his selection from the several systems, for it is up to him to make 
hi.s-own orchard, and each one has his own way of getting at the same results. 
1-We- have had years of experience in tiimming and handling fruit trees, and will 
say that the first few years’ life of all trees is the most critical time 
this is the most important time to get your trees started off, and to 
early growth, it is necessary o do it by cultivating and 
of trimming which should be done to trees acts as a 
in the early life of the tree. Tiimming and pruning 
of walnuts is confined chiefly to the first ]>eriod of their growth. After a well formed 
bead is secured nature takes care of the tree to a lar.ge extent. 
^^■‘'^LNUT YIELDS: Soil conditions, air and surface diainage, cultivation and cover 
cropping with pi'oper green forage, will have a great deal of control over production in 
many groves. The Grafted Vrooman Franiiuette is an early bearei' of fine walnuts, often 
off right; and to force quick ami 
pj-Lining. The necessaiy amount 
stimulant, and is a great factor 
of their life;-and 
get them started 
cultivating 
seiting nuts the second and third year after beinj 
t.aken from our own groves and reliable walnut statistics, 
lbs. and over is not uncommon in the Framiuette, making 
this period on. Nine and ten year trees often produce 40 
chards aie i-anging from 80 to 100 lbs. 
ifornia single trees have produced from 
for trees ranging from 12 to 14 years old 
l>lanted. 
At 
yields are 
We have records 
500 to 700 lbs. 
would be around 
The following 
eight years a yield of 30 
them a commercial asset fiom 
to 80 lbs. Ten to 12 year or- 
to show that in parts of Cal- 
A ver.v conservative estimate 
2000 lbs. per acre where plant¬ 
ed 40 by 40 feet each way. W alnuts are callable of bringing the giower several hundred 
dollars per acre, after attaining fair size. 
Page 10 
Oiii* Nut Trees Have Vigorous Rraiielied Root^ 
