THE ROYAL ARTILLERY INSTITUTION. 
891 
Those of Commander Scott had simply five iron ribs with two very small 
copper studs inserted in the driving face of each. The total bearing length 
was about 9’2 in. The entire surface of the cylindrical part of the shot was 
planed. Mr Lancaster's shot were also turned, over the cylindrical part, and 
had four small brass studs on the loading quadrant. 
Jeffery's and Britten's shot call for no particular description, both of them 
were leaded at the base and had wooden bottoms. Mr Jeffery added a band 
of greased flannel round the leaded part of his shot. 
The projectiles on the Trench system had three large zinc half studs in 
front, supported by an iron back, and three smaller ones behind. 
The second and third supplies were made with the service windage; and, 
with a view to placing the competition with these projectiles as nearly as 
possible on the footing of actual service, one half of the third supply was 
painted with two coats of paint, and the remainder allowed to rust by 
exposure to weather. Tor the same reason, a proportion of the second supply 
was carted a distance of 200 miles. 
6. Besides the differences between the three supplies, as to weight and 
windage, described above, which were common to all the competitors, there 
were as regards Commander Scott's and the Trench projectiles, special 
differences which require particular notice. In the second and third supplies 
made for Commander Scott the iron ribs were faced with strips of zinc 
inserted in grooves planed in the body of the shot, and further supported by 
two tenons let into the iron rib; whilst in the Trench projectiles of the 
second supply a stronger mode of fastening the studs was adopted, giving 
support to the back studs against the first violent shock of the gunpowder, 
and in the third supply the arrangement of the studs was altogether altered, 
on a plan suggested by Major Palliser; the metal was changed from zinc to 
gun-metal; the smaller stud was placed in front, and the larger one behind; 
both were attached in a different manner. 
Description of Cartridges . 
7. The powder used was A 4 ; the cartridges were made up to a uniform 
diameter of 6*5 in. During the first 30 rounds, lubricators were used, which 
were 6*3 in. diameter, leaving therefore an air-space close to the base of the 
shot, which caused all the guns to indent in that part of the bore; from that 
time forward no lubricators were used, but the felt wad was retained, and an 
ordinary grummet wad placed behind the felt, so as more completely to fill 
up the air-space. Subsequent examination of the bore showed no further 
increase of the indent. 
Dry sponging was used for the first 45 rounds, and would apparently have 
sufficed for keeping the guns clean, but the loading of Lancaster's gun with 
the second supply of shot was so difficult that a wet sponge had to be used 
with that gun, and it was then used with the others also, so that all might 
be on the same footing. 
