12 
HO USE & GARDEN 
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ALL-YEAR NATIVE SHRUBS | 
1 Silky dogwood ( Cornus sericea )—White flowers in June; light green | 
foliage; orange and purple, blue berries in autumn; purple stems | 
| in winter. | 
1 Grey stemmed dogwood ( C. paniculata) —White flowers in June; | 
dark green foliage; rose to orange, white berries in fall; grey § 
| stems in winter. | 
| Arrow-wood ( Viburnum dentatum) —White flowers in May or | 
June; true green, glossy, dentated leaves; rich purple, bright blue 1 
| berries in fall; light brown stems in winter. | 
| Sheepberry ( Viburnum lentago )—Creamy white flowers in June; I 
light green, glossy leaves; orange, with large blue-black berries 1 
| in autumn; grey stems in winter. | 
| Highbush cranberry ( Viburnum opulus) —White flowers in May and | 
June; red-green leaves; purple and bronze with brilliant scarlet 1 
| berries in autumn; light stems in winter. | 
| Ninebark ( Spircea opidifolia) —White to cream flowers in June; | 
yellow green foliage, red seed pods in July; yellow in fall; light 1 
1 tan, peeling bark in winter. | 
I PLANTS FOR FLOWERS, FOLIAGE OR FRUIT | 
1 Elder ( Sambucus Canadensis)— Large lacy umbels of white flowers | 
| in July; black berries in August. 1 
| Wild roses ( Rosa blanda, setigera, etc.)—Pink flowers in May, June | 
| or July; red fruits in fall or winter. | 
| Wild crab-apple ( Pyrus coronaria) —Pink flowers in early spring. | 
| Redbud (Cercis Canadensis) —Purplish pink flowers in April and | 
1 May. ... 1 
I Witch-hazel ( Hamamelis virginica) —Yellow flowers after leaves | 
have fallen in October, November and December. Foliage yel- | 
| low in autumn. | 
| OTHER GOOD PLANTS 1 
| Smooth sumac—Good all season for beautiful foliage which becomes § 
| brilliant red in autumn. Attractive red seed pods. | 
1 Fragrant sumac—Fragrant, very dark green foliage; pea-size red | 
| berries in July. | 
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wood and the high bush cran¬ 
berry—are especially good. 
Of the medium sized shrubs 
the coral berry, or Indian cur¬ 
rant, is most useful in all land¬ 
scape work, covering steep banks 
and mingling its berries in the 
border. Others are the maple¬ 
leaved viburnum and the fra¬ 
grant sumac. Wild blackberries 
and raspberries can be used. 
Chokeberries for a loamy soil 
(the black and the red planted 
in contrasting groups), and lead 
plant for rocky slopes are both 
valuable for massing. But wild 
roses should be a chief delight, 
and there are many varieties. 
The prairie rose, very hardy, 
with profuse blossoming and 
bright red hips, is the best of all. 
Planting Arrangements 
For the best effects in the 
shrub border too much sprink¬ 
ling in of the different kinds is 
not good. Better is a massing in 
groups of a dozen or more of one 
sort, with three or four plants 
of unusual character scattered 
through to accent the different 
seasons with their blooming. 
Some attention must be paid 
to the nature of the ground, 
whether it be wet or dry, of light soil or 
rich, or shady or exposed, as certain shrubs 
require special conditions. Most of the 
varieties mentioned will grow in a wide 
range of soil. As for pruning it should be 
done not all at once in the spring, but from 
time to time after each sort has done bloom¬ 
ing. Of shrubs that attract wild birds, it 
is known that the elderberries are used as 
food by fifty-seven varieties of birds and 
the dogwood and sumac by forty-seven 
each. Wild cherries, too, are good for this. 
What charming effects can be secured 
with vines! The sunny porch is shaded, 
the shady porch is framed in clambering 
festoons, an unsightly wall transformed into 
a fall of living green; an airy pergola tosses 
with sprays. Only vines must be pruned 
sufficiently to keep the growth from becom¬ 
ing rank. The well-known Virginia Creeper 
is good for such uses, but is liable to bring 
insects about the veranda. Virgin’s Bower 
is a dainty native clematis. Bittersweet is 
a familiar autumn sight climbing fence cor¬ 
ners along country roads, hanging thick 
with clusters of yellow berries, split to show 
their scarlet centers; but it is not so often 
used as it should be for covering walls and 
trellises. The trumpet creeper, a handsome 
vine, is native as far north as Illinois and 
Pennsylvania. The moonseed, when brought 
in from the woods and cultivated, becomes 
a beautiful climbing vine. Then, too, wild 
smilaxes, the green brier and the cat brier 
respond attractively to cultiva¬ 
tion. Among the most vigorous 
and beautiful of native vines is 
the wild grape. This should 
have plenty of room, as it often 
grows to a height of 40'. For a 
pergola it is very handsome, the 
long sprays of well shaped and 
expectant tendrils swaying grace¬ 
fully from the denser masses. 
Flower Sorts to Gather 
As for flowers, here our gar¬ 
den is so different from the old 
flower bed type that our grand¬ 
mothers might have asked where 
the garden was! That is it—it 
is nowhere, for it is everywhere; 
the whole place is a garden. And 
instead of herding flowers to 
some small remote space to which 
one may occasionally find one’s 
way, we have them banked under 
or against the shrubbery, run¬ 
ning down a hillside, or colonized 
in an open space beneath the 
trees, perhaps rioting in a green 
and unexpected nook; clumps 
and masses of wild asters, phlox, 
bluebells, wind flowers or wild 
lilies. To those who love them 
these wild flowers have a more 
delicate and spiritual beauty and 
grace than the cultivated species. 
Other native flowers are columbines, 
coreopsis, and, near a waterside, wild blue 
flag, the handsome hibiscus, bearing flowers 
3" or more across (it is useful, too, as a 
border shrub), and the modest but free 
blooming little spider-wort. A handsome 
eastern garden has a walk massed with yel¬ 
low cone flowers, which are among our com¬ 
monest wayside blossoms. Goldenrod in 
its many plumy varieties is effective, but it 
impoverishes the soil, killing its weaker 
neighbors, and can be introduced only spar¬ 
ingly. These prairie flowers grow in their 
native habitat, with a protection of tangled 
grass roots and decaying vegetation. Wild 
flowers are best moved in the fall, set out 
in the afternoon, and shaded a few days. 
The flowers of the string cherry are 
followed by fruits beloved by the birds 
The red berried elder blooms a month 
or two earlier than the common kind 
Pin cherries grow from 20' to 40' high; 
their flowers come with the leaves 
