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St. Louis, Missouri 
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In writing to advertisers please mention House & Garden. 
( 398 ) 
tice was adopted of “backing” the glass 
with matt. That is to say, the outer 
or unpainted surface of the glass was 
smeared all over with a level film of matt 
or glaze, which, rubbed off from the center 
of the pane, was allowed to remain around 
the edges adjacent to the leads. This 
gave a softness to the appearance of the 
window. The black lead-lines did not 
stare so much, and the whole had some 
slight resemblance to old glass, obscured 
and toned down by the dirt of ages. See¬ 
ing this, glass-forgers naturally seized up¬ 
on ’backing” as a means to the same end, 
so that it may safely be accepted as an 
axiom in glass-collecting, that if glass 
shows more matt on either side than is 
necessary for the legitimate purposes of 
shading, that glass is modern and not 
antique. 
Perfectly honest restorations of old 
windows very often display matt in excess, 
heavily smudged on the glass to resemble 
the dirt and grime of ages. To make such 
glass harmonize with its surroundings it is 
often spattered with water or more matt in 
spots and streaks, the whole operation 
being described as “antiquating.” Bearing 
in mind the preceding warning, the col¬ 
lector who avoids superfluous matt cannot 
he deceived in such material for a moment. 
It looks like old glass when fixed in place, 
hut on examination in the hand the matt 
smears undeceive the observer at once. 
In ninety-nine cases out of a hundred they 
were never intended to deceive. But 
sometimes, where the glass to be matched 
is only slightly marked with age, a faint 
speckling with almost dry matt from a 
stiff brush serves the restorer’s turn, and 
as such a speckling does rather resemble 
small corrosion-holes in embryo, it may oc¬ 
casionally delude a collector into believing 
that it is really old. If the appearance of 
the glass itself does not enlighten him— 
and modern “antique” glass is sometimes 
rather deceptively like the material from 
which it derives its name — a rub with the 
finger will always show the difference. 
The matt spots are rough and slightly 
raised above the surface of the glass— 
something like acid spots on a smaller 
scale—and their roughness and slight pro¬ 
jections hold the finger, which glass com¬ 
mencing to decay, with its corrosion-holes 
still closed, will never do. 
Allied to the corrosion-holes is the iri¬ 
descence of stain, though it is a less certain 
evidence than the more material form of 
decay. In ninety-nine cases out of a hun¬ 
dred where stain is iridescent, it is earlier 
than the beginning of the eighteenth cen¬ 
tury, unless its color against the light is 
red. Red or orange stain came into use in 
the sixteenth century to replace red 
enamel, which was never entirely satisfac¬ 
tory in effect. Since the beginning of the 
eighteenth century it has been produced 
upon a special sheet glass made for the 
purpose, called “kelp” sheet. This ma¬ 
terial is pure white, exactly resembling 
ordinary window-glass in appearance, but 
whereas window-glass is so “hard” that it 
