January, 1913 
HOUSE AND GARDEN 
69 
plish red of ox blood and they run the 
entire variety of shades in between, pinks, 
oranges, light red, dark red, browns of all 
shades, and often all these colors may be 
found upon the same roof. Without going 
into the question of the trade names of 
the various shapes of tile—which it might 
be stated are always those that do not 
suggest the history or original purpose of 
the tile—there is a tile used in Italy and 
Spain, for instance, which in section is an 
“S” shape. When laid upon the roof this 
gives a number of gutters which run up 
and down the slope separated by some 
swelling curving ridges in between. In 
these countries these tiles are sufficiently 
tight to suit the purpose of the inhabitants. 
But roofs in these countries do not have 
to withstand the vigorous winters that 
occur in the northern part of this conti¬ 
nent ; and the old tile roofs are rendered 
considerably tighter than is possible in 
new construction by the large deposits of 
dirt and debris that cumber the roof, both 
on top of and beneath the tile, left there 
during years of its age. Various other 
details, many of which are too technical 
to undertake to explain in an article of this 
sort, also account for the difference in ap¬ 
pearance between the old Spanish-Italian 
roofs and their modern imitations. The 
old tiles were of an irregularity of shape 
that would not be accepted by any owner 
of a modern house. Where, for instance, 
in the S-shaped tiles, the ends of the tiles 
were left open on the eaves to catch an ir¬ 
regular waving line of shadow along the 
gutter, often modern tiles, imitating them 
in shape, carefully fill up this space as to 
lose much of the sparkle and brilliancy that 
gave the effect of the original. When ir¬ 
regularity of color is desired, the contrary 
is often obtained at considerable expense 
by artificial process of spraying, that is 
about as unsatisfactory as can be imag¬ 
ined. 
Tile should never be employed on a 
house with walls clap-boarded, or shingled 
in wood, as it invariably appears over 
heavy for the construction beneath. On a 
plaster house it seems more possible. On 
a brick, cement or stone house this mate¬ 
rial is always appropriate, provided that a 
proper scale is kept in mind from the be¬ 
ginning, and insisted upon by the designer. 
As a rule, the rough Spanish or Italian 
shapes are crude and large for any house 
except one of unusual size; and the ridges 
and lines they form along the roof are 
much more “nervous” than the simple hori¬ 
zontal emphasis to be obtained by the use 
of shingle tile, or some of the larger plain 
flat shapes that are made. 
Abroad, tiling is laid up in all sorts of 
various ways, with lines sloping diagon¬ 
ally up and down the roof, around curv¬ 
ing valleys and cheeks of dormers, and 
over rolling roof ridges. This sort of 
work is particularly to be found in Ger¬ 
many, northern Italy, and some of the old 
Austrian work; and modern German 
craftsmen are beginning to revive these 
picturesque, irregular methods of tile¬ 
laying. 
A very effective feature in the bath room is a recess bath with 
shower arrangement. These baths can be had in either porcelain or 
enameled iron, and the balance of the bath room fixtures to match, 
so that the ensemble will be pleasing and harmonious. 
«I We offer you the experience of our knowledge and perfect work¬ 
manship of over 58 years in each article we manufacture. Goods 
bearing “Wolff’s” guarantee label and “Wolff’s” trademark are a 
positive assurance against dissapointment, dissatisfaction and loss. 
I L. WOLFF MANUFACTURING COMPANY I 
PLUMBING GOODS EXCLUSIVELY 
The one line that’s complete — Completely made by us. 
CHICAGO 
GENERAL OFFICES: 
601-627 W. LAKE STREET 
SHOWROOMS: 
111 N. DEARBORN STREET 
BRANCHES 
DENVER. COLO. 
DALLAS. TEX. 
CLEVELAND. OHIO 
TRENTON. N. J. OMAHA. NEBR. 
ROCHESTER. N. Y. ST. LOUIS. MO. 
CINCINNATI, OHIO KANSAS CITY. MO. 
SALT LAKE CITY. UTAH 
MINNEAPOLIS. MINN. 
WASHINGTON. D. C*. 
SAN FRANCISCO. CAL. 
Has all food compartments of One Piece of Solid 
Porcelain (earthen) Ware an inch or more thick with 
rounded edges and corners ; without Joints, Cracks 
or Sharp Corners. Fired at about 2500° of heat for ten 
days. Practically Unbreakable. Made just like the finest 
china dish. The Sanitary permanence of the pure white 
surface; the durability, the added insulation these afford 
in connection with our five inch thick walls the 
smooth solid oak case and other patented and 
exclusive features are why the Tettenborn 
Solid Porcelain Refrigerator is the only perm¬ 
anently sanitary the most economical and the one 
which will give a life time of most satisfactory 
service. Made in all sizes. Special ones to order. 
SEND FOR CATALOGUE 113 TETTENBORN & CO. CINCINNATI ESTABLISHED 1867 
In writing to advertisers please mention House and Garden. 
