Crath Carpathian English Walnuts 
^ The English or, more correctly, the Persian wal¬ 
nut has been highly prized since ancient times. It 
flourishes in southern Europe and on our own Pacific 
Coast but practically all the many attempts to grow 
it in our northern and eastern states have failed. 
The varieties or strains tried here were native to 
parts of the Old World where the winters are com¬ 
paratively mild and they were not able to survive our 
colder and more changeable climate. 
Quite recently a much hardier strain has been in¬ 
troduced into America by Rev. Paul C. Crath of 
Toronto, Canada. For about eight years he was en¬ 
gaged in missionary work in the Carpathian Moun¬ 
tain highlands of the Ukraine district of northern 
Europe where he often had occasion to notice the 
hardiness of the English walnuts growing in that 
severe climate. Investigation indicated that this hardy 
strain represented the survival of the hardiest of stock 
brought there probably centuries ago from southern 
Europe or southern Asia. He often saw the peasants 
selling many hundred pounds of fine nuts from trees 
growing near their homes. From one tree belonging 
to Dr. A. Tarnawski of Kosow over thirteen hundred 
pounds of nuts were gathered in a single year. The 
trees were long lived. Near the town of Kostopol in 
Wolhynia there were several estimated to be over 
three hundred years old. These trees were all seed¬ 
lings, walnut grafting being unknown to the people 
of that country, and the nuts from the different trees 
differed widely in size and quality. From some of the 
better trees he sent nuts back to America for test 
planting. Young trees from these nuts are now grow- 
